James Johnson

Research output

Research output per year 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

• 35 Article
• 10 Chapter
• 4 Book
• 3 Commissioned Report
• 1 More
  • 1 Other contribution

Research output per year

Research output per year

Search results

• 2024

  The AI Commander: Centaur Teaming, Command, and Ethical Dilemmas

  Johnson, J., 11 Jan 2024, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 224 p.

  Research output: Book/Report › Book

  • Ethical Dilemmas 100%
  • Commanders 81%
  • Artificial Intelligence 78%
  • Warfare 30%
  • Human Condition 23%

• Finding AI Faces in the Moon and Armies in the Clouds: Anthropomorphising Artificial Intelligence in Military Human-Machine Interactions

  Johnson, J., 8 Jan 2024, In: Global Society. 38, 1, p. 67-82 17 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • artificial intelligence 100%
  • Moon 86%
  • military 77%
  • Military 62%
  • interaction 41%
  9 Downloads (Pure)
• 2023

  Proceed with Caution: Artificial Intelligence in Weapon Systems

  Johnson, J., 1 Dec 2023, London, UK: House of Lords. The Stationery Office Limited. 100 p.

  Research output: Book/Report › Commissioned Report

  Open Access

  File

  • Artificial intelligence 100%
  • Military operations 33%

• Nuclear Brinkmanship in AI-Enabled Warfare: A Dangerous Algorithmic Game of Chicken

  Johnson, J., 28 Sept 2023, War on the Rocks.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • warfare 100%
  • artificial intelligence 97%
  • power plant 57%
  • Ukraine 49%
  • weapon 45%

• Post-9/11 US thinking and approaches to nuclear deterrence: the Bush Doctrine and the role of nuclear weapons in US deterrence strategy

  Johnson, J., 15 Jul 2023, (E-pub ahead of print) In: International Politics. 20 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • deterrence 100%
  • nuclear weapon 88%
  • doctrine 58%
  • national security 17%
  • security policy 13%
  1 Citation (Scopus)

• Understanding the Humanitarian Consequences and Risks of Nuclear Weapons: New findings from recent scholarship

  Johnson, J., Ritchie, N. & Kupriyanov, M., Jul 2023, Vienna: Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs Department for Disarmament. 116 p.

  Research output: Book/Report › Commissioned Report

  Open Access

  • nuclear weapon 100%
  • nuclear war 63%
  • threat 31%
  • expert 29%
  1 Downloads (Pure)

• The Challenges of AI Command and Control

  Johnson, J., 12 Apr 2023, European Leadership Network.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • artificial intelligence 100%
  • warfare 51%
  • military conflict 33%
  • multiplier 32%
  • responsibility 27%

• AI and the Bomb: Nuclear strategy and risk in the digital age

  Johnson, J., 23 Feb 2023, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 288 p.

  Research output: Book/Report › Book

  • artificial intelligence 100%
  • political psychology 27%
  • escalation 22%
  • technological change 21%
  • warfare 20%

• The AI Commander Problem: Ethical, Political, and Psychological Dilemmas of Human-Machine Interactions in AI-enabled Warfare

  Johnson, J., 2023, In: Journal of Military Ethics . 23, 3-4, p. 246-271 26 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Ethical Dilemmas 100%
  • warfare 81%
  • Commanders 81%
  • artificial intelligence 79%
  • Artificial Intelligence 78%
  2 Citations (Scopus)

  4 Downloads (Pure)
• 2022

  The US, Indo-Pacific, AI and Emerging Security Technologies

  Johnson, J., 23 Dec 2022, Routledge Handbook of US policy in the Indo-Pacific. Turner, O., Aslam, W. & Nymalm, N. (eds.). London, UK: Routledge, (Routledge Handbook of US policy ).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  File
  1 Downloads (Pure)

• Inadvertent Escalation in the Age of Intelligence Machines: A new model for nuclear risk in the digital age

  Johnson, J., Aug 2022, In: European Journal of International Security . 7, 3, p. 337-359 23 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • escalation 100%
  • Artificial intelligence 79%
  • artificial intelligence 77%
  • intelligence 71%
  • conventional weapon 19%
  8 Citations (Scopus)

  66 Downloads (Pure)

• AI, Autonomy, and the Risk of Nuclear War

  Johnson, J., 29 Jul 2022, War on the Rocks.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • Planning 100%

• Automating the OODA Loop in the Age of AI

  Johnson, J., 25 Jul 2022, Center for Strategic and International Studies.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • Artificial intelligence 100%
  • Decision making 82%
  • Military operations 67%
  • Machine learning 41%

• Counterfactual Thinking & Nuclear Risk in the Digital Age: The Role of Uncertainty, Complexity, Chance, and Human Psychology

  Johnson, J., 25 Jul 2022, In: Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament. 5, 2, p. 394-421 30 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • nuclear war 100%
  • uncertainty 83%
  • nuclear weapon 78%
  • psychology 78%
  • scenario 54%
  2 Citations (Scopus)

  2 Downloads (Pure)

• Automating the OODA loop in the age of intelligent machines: reaffirming the role of humans in command-and-control decision-making in the digital age

  Johnson, J., 22 Jul 2022, In: Defence Studies. 23, 1, p. 43-67 24 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  Open Access

  File

  • Digital Age 100%
  • artificial intelligence 84%
  • Artificial Intelligence 83%
  • decision making 53%
  • Decision Making 48%
  11 Citations (Scopus)

• Delegating strategic decision-making to machines: Dr. Strangelove redux?

  Johnson, J., 2022, In: The Journal of Strategic Studies. 45, 3, p. 439-477 40 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • artificial intelligence 100%
  • decision making 63%
  • escalation 36%
  • decision-making process 30%
  • Military 23%
  22 Citations (Scopus)
• 2021

  Escalation to Nuclear War in the Digital Age: RISK OF INADVERTENT ESCALATION IN THE EMERGING INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM

  Johnson, J., 13 Oct 2021, Modern War Institute at West Point.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • Ecosystems 100%
  • Artificial intelligence 81%
  • Planning 9%

• Does the United States face a multipolar future? Washington's response through the lens of technology

  Johnson, J., 1 Oct 2021, National perspectives on a multipolar order: Interrogating the global power transition. Zala, B. (ed.). 1st ed. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, p. 26-40 15 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • international relations 100%
  • power politics 72%
  • world politics 67%
  • balance of power 66%
  • international security 65%

• Artificial intelligence and the future of warfare: The USA, China, and strategic stability

  Johnson, J., 1 Sept 2021, London, UK: Manchester University Press. 240 p.

  Research output: Book/Report › Book

  • warfare 100%
  • artificial intelligence 97%
  • China 59%
  • escalation 30%
  • deterrence 29%
  7 Downloads (Pure)

• Artificial Intelligence, Autonomy, and the Risk of Catalytic Nuclear War

  Johnson, J., 18 Mar 2021, Modern War Institute at West Point.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • nuclear war 100%
  • artificial intelligence 73%
  • Israeli 65%
  • Israel 61%
  • autonomy 52%

• Rethinking Nuclear Deterrence in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

  Johnson, J., 28 Jan 2021, Modern War Institute at West Point.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • deterrence 100%
  • artificial intelligence 94%
  • escalation 52%
  • military potential 39%
  • Perfect information 38%

• ‘Catalytic nuclear war’ in the age of artificial intelligence & autonomy: Emerging military technology and escalation risk between nuclear-armed states

  Johnson, J., 13 Jan 2021, (E-pub ahead of print) In: The Journal of Strategic Studies. 41 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • military engineering 100%
  • nuclear war 95%
  • escalation 78%
  • artificial intelligence 70%
  • autonomy 50%
  15 Citations (Scopus)
• 2020

  Deterrence in the age of artificial intelligence and autonomy: a paradigm shift in nuclear deterrence theory and practice?

  Johnson, J., 1 Dec 2020, In: Defense & Security Analysis. 36, 4, p. 422-448 26 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • deterrence 100%
  • paradigm shift 82%
  • autonomy 81%
  • artificial intelligence 73%
  • paradigm 43%
  7 Citations (Scopus)

• Emerging Technologies and Chinese Challenges to US Innovation Leadership

  Johnson, J., 26 Nov 2020, Emerging Technologies and International Security: Machines, the State and War. Steff, R., Soare, S. & Burton, J. (eds.). 1 ed. London, UK: Routledge, p. 29-48 20 p. (Studies in Conflict Security and Technology ).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • innovation 100%
  • leadership 99%
  • artificial intelligence 51%
  • arms race 33%
  • great power 28%

• AI and the Bomb: Nuclear Command & Control in the Age of the Algorithm

  Johnson, J., 7 May 2020, Modern War Institute at West Point.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • artificial intelligence 100%
  • Sports 24%
  • Military 23%
  • time 11%

• Artificial intelligence: a threat to strategic stability

  Johnson, J., 1 Apr 2020, In: Strategic Studies Quarterly. 14, 1, p. 16 39 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • artificial intelligence 100%
  • weapon 92%
  • conventional weapon 75%
  • threat 65%
  • escalation 55%

• AI, Cyberspace, and Nuclear Weapons

  Johnson, J. & Krabill, E., 31 Jan 2020, War on the Rocks.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • nuclear weapon 100%
  • artificial intelligence 94%
  • virtual reality 91%
  • national security 90%
  • citizen 28%

• Artificial intelligence, drone swarming and escalation risks in future warfare

  Johnson, J., 2020, In: RUSI Journal. 165, 2, p. 26-36

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • escalation 100%
  • warfare 92%
  • artificial intelligence 90%
  • weapon 62%
  • deterrence 23%
  28 Citations (Scopus)

• Artificial intelligence in nuclear warfare: a perfect storm of instability?

  Johnson, J., 2020, In: The Washington Quarterly. 43, 2, p. 197-211

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • warfare 100%
  • artificial intelligence 97%
  • Military 45%
  • science fiction 21%
  • misrepresentation 20%
  11 Citations (Scopus)
• 2019

  The AI-cyber nexus: implications for military escalation, deterrence, & strategic stability

  Johnson, J., Dec 2019, In: Journal of Cyber Policy. 4, 3, p. 442-460 19 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • escalation 100%
  • deterrence 95%
  • artificial intelligence 90%
  • Military 63%
  • compromise 41%

• Is the US Losing the Artificial Intelligence Arms Race?

  Johnson, J., 29 Oct 2019, The Conversation.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • Artificial intelligence 100%

• The end of military-techno Pax Americana? Washington’s strategic responses to Chinese AI-enabled military technology

  Johnson, J., 21 Oct 2019, In: Pacific Review. 34, 3, p. 351-378 28 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • military engineering 100%
  • artificial intelligence 79%
  • new world order 68%
  • hegemony 57%
  • international relations 56%
  20 Citations (Scopus)

• Artificial intelligence and future warfare: implications for international security

  Johnson, J., 2019, In: Defense & Security Analysis. 35, 2, p. 147-169 23 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • international security 100%
  • artificial intelligence 99%
  • warfare 90%
  • military applications 32%
  • military application 32%
  72 Citations (Scopus)

• China’s Vision of the Future Network-Centric Battlefield: Cyber, Space and Electromagnetic Asymmetric Challenges to the United States

  Johnson, J., 2019, In: Comparative Strategy. 37, 5, p. 373-390 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • China 100%
  • conventional weapon 83%
  • warfare 56%
  • weapon 50%
  • surveillance 47%
  7 Citations (Scopus)

• Chinese evolving approaches to nuclear “war-fighting”: an emerging Intense US-China security dilemma and threats to crisis stability in the Asia Pacific

  Johnson, J., 2019, In: Asian Security . 15, 3, p. 215-232 18 p.

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • Nuclear weapons 100%
  • nuclear war 85%
  • Lenses 64%
  • threat 41%
  • China 38%
  9 Citations (Scopus)

• The 2019 UK PONI Papers: VIII. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Strategic Stability, Escalation, and Nuclear security

  Johnson, J., Dudin, S. (ed.) & Wiley, C. (ed.), 2019, London, UK: Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies. 5 p.

  Research output: Book/Report › Commissioned Report

  Open Access

  File

  • Artificial intelligence 100%
  • Military operations 33%
  7 Downloads (Pure)
• 2018

  China and the US are Racing to Develop AI Weapons

  Johnson, J., 20 Jun 2018, The Conversation.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • weapon 100%
  • development of intelligence 87%
  • intelligence 86%
  • arms race 71%
  • China 65%

• China’s Vision of the Future Networked Battlefield: Emerging Military-Technological Challenges to the United States

  Johnson, J., 2018, The US-China Military and Defense Relationship during the Obama Presidency. Springer International Publishing, (New Security Challenges).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • Military 100%
  • China 85%
  • conventional weapon 42%
  • warfare 29%
  • vulnerability 22%

• Chinese Evolving Approaches to Nuclear ‘War-Fighting’: An Emerging Security Dilemma?

  Johnson, J., 2018, The US-China Military and Defense Relationship during the Obama Presidency. Springer International Publishing, (New Security Challenges).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • nuclear war 100%
  • deterrence 39%
  • doctrine 32%
  • nuclear policy 26%
  • China 22%

• Conceptualizing the United States--China Security Dilemma

  Johnson, J., 2018, The US-China Military and Defense Relationship during the Obama Presidency. Springer International Publishing, (New Security Challenges).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • China 100%
  • Military 29%
  • discourse 22%
  • literature 17%

• Introduction: Obama’s ‘Pivot’ to Asia and Air-Sea Battle

  Johnson, J., 2018, The US-China Military and Defense Relationship during the Obama Presidency. Springer International Publishing, (New Security Challenges).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • air 100%
  • criticism 50%
  • Military 44%
  • discourse 34%

• The US-China military and defense relationship during the Obama presidency

  Johnson, J., 2018, 1st ed. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. 198 p. (New Security Challenges)

  Research output: Book/Report › Book

  Open Access

  File

  • Military 100%
  • China 85%
  • military doctrine 53%
  • military engineering 50%
  • international conflict 46%
  6 Downloads (Pure)

• Washington’s Perceptions and Misperceptions of China’s Anti-access Area Denial ‘Strategy’

  Johnson, J., 2018, The US-China Military and Defense Relationship during the Obama Presidency. Springer International Publishing, (New Security Challenges).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • China 100%
  • risk assessment 17%
  • assets 15%
  • Military 12%
  • decision making 11%

• ‘Guam Express’ and ‘Carrier Killers’: China’s Asymmetric Missile Threat to the United States in the Pacific

  Johnson, J., 2018, The US-China Military and Defense Relationship during the Obama Presidency. Springer International Publishing, (New Security Challenges).

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • strike 100%
  • Military 66%
  • threat 62%
  • weapon 58%
  • China 56%
• 2017

  China’s Evolving Approach to Nuclear War-Fighting

  Johnson, J., 22 Nov 2017, The Diplomat.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • nuclear war 100%
  • dismantling 88%
  • China 44%

• China's “Guam Express” and “Carrier Killers”: The Anti-Ship Asymmetric Challenge to the US in the Western Pacific

  Johnson, J., 1 Nov 2017, In: Comparative Strategy. 36, 4, p. 319-332

  Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

  • strike 100%
  • China 56%
  • balance of power 54%
  • weapon 43%
  • Military 33%
  5 Citations (Scopus)

• China’s Nuclear Modernisation: The Evolution of Chinese Nuclear Doctrine, Strategic Ambiguities & Implications for Sino-U.S. Relations

  Johnson, J. & Futter, A., 31 Aug 2017, Nuclear Politics in Asia. Kouhi Esfahani, M. & Mohammadi, A. (eds.). 1st ed. London, UK: Routledge, 20 p.

  Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

  • doctrine 100%
  • modernization 97%
  • China 67%
  • escalation 31%
  • nuclear weapon 29%

• If Trump is Bluffing on North Korea the Results could be Catastrophic

  Johnson, J., 14 Aug 2017, The Conversation.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • North Korea 100%
  • nuclear weapon 94%

• High-Tech China-US Arms Race Threatens to Destabilize East Asia

  Johnson, J., 18 May 2017, The Conversation.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • arms race 100%
  • Military 53%
  • China 46%
  • assets 43%
  • foreign policy 21%

• China’s Vision of the Future Networked Battlefield

  Johnson, J., 26 Apr 2017, The Diplomat.

  Research output: Contribution to specialist publication › Article

  Open Access

  • warfare 100%
  • electronics 68%
  • China 59%