Abstract
The shoulder is probably one of the most complex joint mechanisms of the human body. The shoulder consists of four bony elements: Thorax, clavicle, scapula and humerus. The connection thorax-clavicle-scapula is a closed chain. Due to the closed chain, the rotational and translational degrees of freedom of
the scapula and clavicle are constrained, meaning that not every orientation can be achieved. In addition, the moments around the sternoclavicular (SC) and acromioclavicular (AC) joint are coupled, i.e. if a muscle exerts a moment around one of these joints, the scapulothoracic reaction force will change and the
altered moment of the scapulothoracic reaction force around the other joint must be compensated by a second muscle.
In total 20 muscles and muscle parts are crossing the shoulder joints (SC, AC and Glenohumeral (GH) joint). Additionally, 11 muscles are crossing the elbow joint (flexion-extension in the humero-ulnar (HU) joint and pro-supination around the ulno-radial (UR) joint). Many muscles are bi- or tri-articular, and
have large attachment sites. Parts of the larger muscles can contract independently from each other, as shown by EMG.
The goal of this presentation is to discuss a number of general properties that are important for a musculoskeletal model: Inverse vs. forward dynamic simulation, motion constraints, generic model vs. individual model, importance of length-tension properties, optimization algorithm and validation.
the scapula and clavicle are constrained, meaning that not every orientation can be achieved. In addition, the moments around the sternoclavicular (SC) and acromioclavicular (AC) joint are coupled, i.e. if a muscle exerts a moment around one of these joints, the scapulothoracic reaction force will change and the
altered moment of the scapulothoracic reaction force around the other joint must be compensated by a second muscle.
In total 20 muscles and muscle parts are crossing the shoulder joints (SC, AC and Glenohumeral (GH) joint). Additionally, 11 muscles are crossing the elbow joint (flexion-extension in the humero-ulnar (HU) joint and pro-supination around the ulno-radial (UR) joint). Many muscles are bi- or tri-articular, and
have large attachment sites. Parts of the larger muscles can contract independently from each other, as shown by EMG.
The goal of this presentation is to discuss a number of general properties that are important for a musculoskeletal model: Inverse vs. forward dynamic simulation, motion constraints, generic model vs. individual model, importance of length-tension properties, optimization algorithm and validation.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | XVIIIth congress of the International Society of Biomechanics |
Pages | 1-3 |
Number of pages | 3 |
Publication status | Published - 2001 |