Above- and below-ground competition effects of two heathland species: Implications for growth and response to herbivory in birch saplings

Agriculture & Biology

• heathlands 94%
• saplings 82%
• Betula 79%
• herbivores 63%
• Calluna vulgaris 63%
• Molinia caerulea 60%
• browsing damage 35%
• Betula pubescens 30%
• browsing 18%
• root growth 13%
• shoots 9%
• fur 8%
• plant response 6%
• buds 6%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• heathland 100%
• sapling 92%
• herbivory 89%
• browsing 46%
• allocation 32%
• damage 19%
• effect 17%
• shoot 15%
• budburst 12%
• interspecific interaction 10%
• clipping 10%
• growth response 9%
• fur 9%