Abstract
Adapting to learner characteristics is essential when selecting exercises for learners in an intelligent tutoring system. This paper investigates how humans adapt next exercise selection (in particular difficulty level) to learner personality, invested mental effort, and performance to inspire an adaptive exercise selection algorithm. First, the paper describes the investigations to produce validated materials for the main studies, namely the creation and validation of self-esteem personality stories, mental effort statements, and mathematical exercises with varying levels of difficulty. Next, through empirical studies, we investigate the impact on exercise selection of learner's self-esteem (low versus high self-esteem) and effort (minimal, little, moderate, much, and all possible effort). Three studies investigate this for learners who had different performances on a previous exercise: just passing, just failing, and performed well. Participants considered a fictional learner with a certain performance, self-esteem and effort, and selected the difficulty level of the next mathematical exercise. We found that self-esteem, mental effort, and performance all impacted the difficulty level of the exercises selected for learners. Finally, using the results from the studies, we propose an algorithm that selects exercises with varying difficulty levels adapted to learner characteristics.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 193-227 |
| Number of pages | 35 |
| Journal | New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia |
| Volume | 24 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| Early online date | 21 Jun 2018 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 31 Jul 2018 |
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Keywords
- adaptation
- cognitive efficiency
- Exercise selection
- mental effort
- performance
- personality
- self-esteem
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Information Systems
- Media Technology
- Computer Science Applications
Cite this
Adapting exercise selection to performance, effort and self-esteem. / Okpo, Juliet A.; Masthoff, Judith (Corresponding Author); Dennis, Matt; Beacham, Nigel.
In: New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, Vol. 24, No. 3, 31.07.2018, p. 193-227.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Adapting exercise selection to performance, effort and self-esteem
AU - Okpo, Juliet A.
AU - Masthoff, Judith
AU - Dennis, Matt
AU - Beacham, Nigel
PY - 2018/7/31
Y1 - 2018/7/31
N2 - Adapting to learner characteristics is essential when selecting exercises for learners in an intelligent tutoring system. This paper investigates how humans adapt next exercise selection (in particular difficulty level) to learner personality, invested mental effort, and performance to inspire an adaptive exercise selection algorithm. First, the paper describes the investigations to produce validated materials for the main studies, namely the creation and validation of self-esteem personality stories, mental effort statements, and mathematical exercises with varying levels of difficulty. Next, through empirical studies, we investigate the impact on exercise selection of learner's self-esteem (low versus high self-esteem) and effort (minimal, little, moderate, much, and all possible effort). Three studies investigate this for learners who had different performances on a previous exercise: just passing, just failing, and performed well. Participants considered a fictional learner with a certain performance, self-esteem and effort, and selected the difficulty level of the next mathematical exercise. We found that self-esteem, mental effort, and performance all impacted the difficulty level of the exercises selected for learners. Finally, using the results from the studies, we propose an algorithm that selects exercises with varying difficulty levels adapted to learner characteristics.
AB - Adapting to learner characteristics is essential when selecting exercises for learners in an intelligent tutoring system. This paper investigates how humans adapt next exercise selection (in particular difficulty level) to learner personality, invested mental effort, and performance to inspire an adaptive exercise selection algorithm. First, the paper describes the investigations to produce validated materials for the main studies, namely the creation and validation of self-esteem personality stories, mental effort statements, and mathematical exercises with varying levels of difficulty. Next, through empirical studies, we investigate the impact on exercise selection of learner's self-esteem (low versus high self-esteem) and effort (minimal, little, moderate, much, and all possible effort). Three studies investigate this for learners who had different performances on a previous exercise: just passing, just failing, and performed well. Participants considered a fictional learner with a certain performance, self-esteem and effort, and selected the difficulty level of the next mathematical exercise. We found that self-esteem, mental effort, and performance all impacted the difficulty level of the exercises selected for learners. Finally, using the results from the studies, we propose an algorithm that selects exercises with varying difficulty levels adapted to learner characteristics.
KW - adaptation
KW - cognitive efficiency
KW - Exercise selection
KW - mental effort
KW - performance
KW - personality
KW - self-esteem
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85048739442&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/13614568.2018.1477999
DO - 10.1080/13614568.2018.1477999
M3 - Article
VL - 24
SP - 193
EP - 227
JO - New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia
JF - New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia
SN - 1361-4568
IS - 3
ER -