Adverse childhood experiences during childhood and academic attainment at age 7 and 11 years: an electronic birth cohort study

Annette Evans; Katie  Hardcastle; Amrita Bandyopadhyay; Daniel Farewell; Ann John; Ronan A. Lyons; Sara  Long; Mark A. Bellis; Shantini Paranjothy

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.027

Adverse childhood experiences during childhood and academic attainment at age 7 and 11 years: an electronic birth cohort study

Annette Evans, Katie Hardcastle, Amrita Bandyopadhyay, Daniel Farewell, Ann John, Ronan A. Lyons, Sara Long, Mark A. Bellis, Shantini Paranjothy^* (Corresponding Author)

^*Corresponding author for this work

Applied Health Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Objectives:
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a negative impact on childhood health, but their impact on education outcomes is less well-known. We investigated whether or not ACEs were associated with reduced educational attainment at age 7 and 11 years.
Study design:
Population based electronic cohort study
Methods:
We analysed data from a total population electronic child cohort in Wales, UK. ACEs (exposures) were living with an adult household member with any of (i) serious mental illness (SMI), (ii) common mental disorder (CMD), (iii) an alcohol problem; (iv) child victimisation, (v) death of a household member and (vi) low family income. We used multilevel logistic regression to model exposure to these ACEs and not attaining the expected level at statutory education assessments, Key Stage (KS) 1 and KS2 separately, adjusted for known confounders including perinatal, socioeconomic and school factors.
Results:
There were 107,479 and 43,648 children included in the analysis, with follow-up to 6-7 years (KS1) and 10-11 years (KS2) respectively. An increased risk of not attaining the expected level at KS1 was associated with living with adult household members with CMD (aOR 1.13 (95% CI 1.09- 1.17) or an alcohol problem (aOR 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.22), childhood victimisation (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.37-1.82), death of a household member (aOR 1.14 95% CI 1.04-1.25) and low family income (aOR 1.92 95% CI 1.84-2.01). Similar results were observed for KS2. Children with multiple adversities had substantially increased odds of not attaining the expected level at each educational assessment.
Conclusion:
The educational potential of many children may not be achieved due to exposure to adversity in childhood. Affected children who come in to contact with services should have relevant information shared between health and care services, and schools to initiate and facilitate a coordinated approach towards providing additional support and help for them to fulfil their educational potential, and subsequent economic and social participation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	37-47
Number of pages	11
Journal	Public Health
Volume	189
Early online date	2 Nov 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.027
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2020

Keywords

Adverse childhood experiences
social inequalities

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Evans_et_al_PHJ_AdverseChildhoodExperiences_AAM
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Licence: CC BY-NC-ND
Embargo ends: 2/11/21

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Shantini Paranjothy
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, Applied Health Sciences - Clinical Chair in Public Health
Person: Clinical Academic

Cite this

Adverse childhood experiences during childhood and academic attainment at age 7 and 11 years : an electronic birth cohort study . / Evans, Annette; Hardcastle, Katie ; Bandyopadhyay, Amrita; Farewell, Daniel; John, Ann; Lyons, Ronan A.; Long, Sara ; Bellis, Mark A.; Paranjothy, Shantini (Corresponding Author).

In: Public Health, Vol. 189, 01.12.2020, p. 37-47.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

@article{4214adc3596e41ed8313b78e3033a408,

title = "Adverse childhood experiences during childhood and academic attainment at age 7 and 11 years: an electronic birth cohort study ",

abstract = "Objectives:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a negative impact on childhood health, but their impact on education outcomes is less well-known. We investigated whether or not ACEs were associated with reduced educational attainment at age 7 and 11 years.Study design:Population based electronic cohort studyMethods:We analysed data from a total population electronic child cohort in Wales, UK. ACEs (exposures) were living with an adult household member with any of (i) serious mental illness (SMI), (ii) common mental disorder (CMD), (iii) an alcohol problem; (iv) child victimisation, (v) death of a household member and (vi) low family income. We used multilevel logistic regression to model exposure to these ACEs and not attaining the expected level at statutory education assessments, Key Stage (KS) 1 and KS2 separately, adjusted for known confounders including perinatal, socioeconomic and school factors.Results:There were 107,479 and 43,648 children included in the analysis, with follow-up to 6-7 years (KS1) and 10-11 years (KS2) respectively. An increased risk of not attaining the expected level at KS1 was associated with living with adult household members with CMD (aOR 1.13 (95% CI 1.09- 1.17) or an alcohol problem (aOR 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.22), childhood victimisation (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.37-1.82), death of a household member (aOR 1.14 95% CI 1.04-1.25) and low family income (aOR 1.92 95% CI 1.84-2.01). Similar results were observed for KS2. Children with multiple adversities had substantially increased odds of not attaining the expected level at each educational assessment.Conclusion:The educational potential of many children may not be achieved due to exposure to adversity in childhood. Affected children who come in to contact with services should have relevant information shared between health and care services, and schools to initiate and facilitate a coordinated approach towards providing additional support and help for them to fulfil their educational potential, and subsequent economic and social participation.",

keywords = "Adverse childhood experiences, social inequalities",

author = "Annette Evans and Katie Hardcastle and Amrita Bandyopadhyay and Daniel Farewell and Ann John and Lyons, {Ronan A.} and Sara Long and Bellis, {Mark A.} and Shantini Paranjothy",

note = "Funding: This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, Alcohol Research UK, Public Health Wales. The funders had no role in designing the study, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, or in writing the report. MAB{\textquoteright}s role in the design, analysis, and writing was independent of the funding from Public Health Wales. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The authors do not have any competing interests to declare.",

year = "2020",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.027",

language = "English",

volume = "189",

pages = "37--47",

journal = "Public Health",

issn = "0033-3506",

publisher = "Elsevier",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Adverse childhood experiences during childhood and academic attainment at age 7 and 11 years

T2 - an electronic birth cohort study

AU - Evans, Annette

AU - Hardcastle, Katie

AU - Bandyopadhyay, Amrita

AU - Farewell, Daniel

AU - John, Ann

AU - Lyons, Ronan A.

AU - Long, Sara

AU - Bellis, Mark A.

AU - Paranjothy, Shantini

N1 - Funding: This work was supported by the Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, Alcohol Research UK, Public Health Wales. The funders had no role in designing the study, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, or in writing the report. MAB’s role in the design, analysis, and writing was independent of the funding from Public Health Wales. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication. The authors do not have any competing interests to declare.

PY - 2020/12/1

Y1 - 2020/12/1

N2 - Objectives:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a negative impact on childhood health, but their impact on education outcomes is less well-known. We investigated whether or not ACEs were associated with reduced educational attainment at age 7 and 11 years.Study design:Population based electronic cohort studyMethods:We analysed data from a total population electronic child cohort in Wales, UK. ACEs (exposures) were living with an adult household member with any of (i) serious mental illness (SMI), (ii) common mental disorder (CMD), (iii) an alcohol problem; (iv) child victimisation, (v) death of a household member and (vi) low family income. We used multilevel logistic regression to model exposure to these ACEs and not attaining the expected level at statutory education assessments, Key Stage (KS) 1 and KS2 separately, adjusted for known confounders including perinatal, socioeconomic and school factors.Results:There were 107,479 and 43,648 children included in the analysis, with follow-up to 6-7 years (KS1) and 10-11 years (KS2) respectively. An increased risk of not attaining the expected level at KS1 was associated with living with adult household members with CMD (aOR 1.13 (95% CI 1.09- 1.17) or an alcohol problem (aOR 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.22), childhood victimisation (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.37-1.82), death of a household member (aOR 1.14 95% CI 1.04-1.25) and low family income (aOR 1.92 95% CI 1.84-2.01). Similar results were observed for KS2. Children with multiple adversities had substantially increased odds of not attaining the expected level at each educational assessment.Conclusion:The educational potential of many children may not be achieved due to exposure to adversity in childhood. Affected children who come in to contact with services should have relevant information shared between health and care services, and schools to initiate and facilitate a coordinated approach towards providing additional support and help for them to fulfil their educational potential, and subsequent economic and social participation.

AB - Objectives:Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a negative impact on childhood health, but their impact on education outcomes is less well-known. We investigated whether or not ACEs were associated with reduced educational attainment at age 7 and 11 years.Study design:Population based electronic cohort studyMethods:We analysed data from a total population electronic child cohort in Wales, UK. ACEs (exposures) were living with an adult household member with any of (i) serious mental illness (SMI), (ii) common mental disorder (CMD), (iii) an alcohol problem; (iv) child victimisation, (v) death of a household member and (vi) low family income. We used multilevel logistic regression to model exposure to these ACEs and not attaining the expected level at statutory education assessments, Key Stage (KS) 1 and KS2 separately, adjusted for known confounders including perinatal, socioeconomic and school factors.Results:There were 107,479 and 43,648 children included in the analysis, with follow-up to 6-7 years (KS1) and 10-11 years (KS2) respectively. An increased risk of not attaining the expected level at KS1 was associated with living with adult household members with CMD (aOR 1.13 (95% CI 1.09- 1.17) or an alcohol problem (aOR 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.22), childhood victimisation (aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.37-1.82), death of a household member (aOR 1.14 95% CI 1.04-1.25) and low family income (aOR 1.92 95% CI 1.84-2.01). Similar results were observed for KS2. Children with multiple adversities had substantially increased odds of not attaining the expected level at each educational assessment.Conclusion:The educational potential of many children may not be achieved due to exposure to adversity in childhood. Affected children who come in to contact with services should have relevant information shared between health and care services, and schools to initiate and facilitate a coordinated approach towards providing additional support and help for them to fulfil their educational potential, and subsequent economic and social participation.

KW - Adverse childhood experiences

KW - social inequalities

U2 - 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.027

DO - 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.08.027

M3 - Article

VL - 189

SP - 37

EP - 47

JO - Public Health

JF - Public Health

SN - 0033-3506

ER -