Age-related variation in energy expenditure in a longlived bird within the envelope of an energy ceiling

Agriculture & Biology

• energy expenditure 100%
• birds 56%
• energy 54%
• energy costs 38%
• animal breeding 17%
• chicks 11%
• Uria lomvia 11%
• meta-analysis 8%
• wild animals 7%
• reproductive success 6%
• rearing 6%
• flight 6%
• animals 5%
• life history 5%
• oxidative stress 5%
• foraging 5%
• digestion 5%
• environmental factors 4%
• metabolism 4%
• heat 3%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• expenditure 93%
• bird 77%
• energy 44%
• animal 13%
• breeding 10%
• fitness 10%
• reproductive potential 7%
• wild animal 6%
• reproductive success 6%
• rearing 6%
• oxidative stress 5%
• diving 5%
• meta-analysis 5%
• energy demand 5%
• energy use 5%
• trade-off 5%
• digestion 4%
• life history 4%
• metabolism 4%
• environmental conditions 3%
• rate 3%
• cost 2%