TY - UNPB
T1 - Ancient herpes simplex 1 genomes reveal recent viral structure in Eurasia
AU - Guellil, M
AU - van, Dorp L
AU - Inskip, SA
AU - Dittmar, JM
AU - Saag, L
AU - Tambets, K
AU - Hui, R
AU - Rose, A
AU - D’Atanasio, E
AU - Kriiska, A
AU - Varul, L
AU - Koekkelkoren, A
AU - Goldina, RD
AU - Cessford, Craig
AU - Solnik, Anu
AU - Metspalu, Mait
AU - Krause, Johannes
AU - Herbig, Alexander
AU - Robb, John E
AU - Houldcroft, Charlotte J.
AU - Scheib, CL
PY - 2022/1/21
Y1 - 2022/1/21
N2 - Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a life-long infection spread by oral contact, today infects a majority of adults globally1, yet no ancient HSV-1 genomes have yet been published. Phylogeographic clustering of sampled diversity into European, pan-Eurasian, and African groups2, 3 has suggested that the virus co-diverged with anatomically modern humans migrating out of Africa4, although a much younger origin has also been proposed5. The lack of ancient HSV-1 genomes, high rates of recombination, and high mobility of humans in the modern era have impeded the understanding of HSV-1’s evolutionary history. Here we present three full ancient European HSV-1 genomes and one partial genome, dating to between the 3rd and 17th century CE, sequenced to up to 9.5× with paired human genomes up to 10.16×. These HSV-1 strains fall within modern Eurasian diversity. We estimate a mean mutation rate of 7.6 × 10-7 - 1.13 × 10-6 for non-African diversity leading to an estimated age of sampled modern Eurasian diversity to 4.68 (3.87 - 5.65) kya. Extrapolation of these rates indicate the age of sampled HSV-1 to 5.29 (4.60-6.12 kya, suggesting lineage replacement coinciding with late Neolithisation and implicating Bronze Age migrations6 in the distribution of HSV-1 through Eurasia.
AB - Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a life-long infection spread by oral contact, today infects a majority of adults globally1, yet no ancient HSV-1 genomes have yet been published. Phylogeographic clustering of sampled diversity into European, pan-Eurasian, and African groups2, 3 has suggested that the virus co-diverged with anatomically modern humans migrating out of Africa4, although a much younger origin has also been proposed5. The lack of ancient HSV-1 genomes, high rates of recombination, and high mobility of humans in the modern era have impeded the understanding of HSV-1’s evolutionary history. Here we present three full ancient European HSV-1 genomes and one partial genome, dating to between the 3rd and 17th century CE, sequenced to up to 9.5× with paired human genomes up to 10.16×. These HSV-1 strains fall within modern Eurasian diversity. We estimate a mean mutation rate of 7.6 × 10-7 - 1.13 × 10-6 for non-African diversity leading to an estimated age of sampled modern Eurasian diversity to 4.68 (3.87 - 5.65) kya. Extrapolation of these rates indicate the age of sampled HSV-1 to 5.29 (4.60-6.12 kya, suggesting lineage replacement coinciding with late Neolithisation and implicating Bronze Age migrations6 in the distribution of HSV-1 through Eurasia.
UR - http://europepmc.org/abstract/PPR/PPR444875
U2 - 10.1101/2022.01.19.476912
DO - 10.1101/2022.01.19.476912
M3 - Working paper
BT - Ancient herpes simplex 1 genomes reveal recent viral structure in Eurasia
PB - bioRxiv
ER -