Application of Omics Tools in Designing and Monitoring Marine Protected Areas for a Sustainable Blue Economy

Nicholas W. Jeffery* (Corresponding Author), Sarah Lehnert, Tony Kess, Kara Layton, Brendan F. Wringe, Ryan R. Stanley

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)
3 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

A key component of the global blue economy strategy is the sustainable extraction of marine resources and conservation of marine environments through networks of Marine Protected Areas. Connectivity and representativity are essential factors that underlie successful implementation of MPA networks, which can safeguard biological diversity, ecosystem function, and ultimately support the blue economy strategy by balancing ocean use with conservation. New ‘big data’ omics approaches, including, genomics and transcriptomics, are becoming essential tools for the development and maintenance of MPA networks. Current molecular omics techniques, including population-scale genome sequencing, have direct applications for assessing population connectivity and for evaluating how genetic variation is represented within and among MPAs. Effective baseline characterisation and long-term, scalable, and comprehensive monitoring are essential for successful MPA management, and omics approaches hold great promise to characterize the full range of marine life, spanning the microbiome to megafauna across a range of environmental conditions (shallow sea to the deep ocean). Omics tools, such as eDNA metabarcoding can provide a cost-effective basis for biodiversity monitoring in large and remote conservation areas. Here we provide an overview of current omics applications for conservation planning and monitoring, with a focus on metabarcoding, metagenomics, and population genomics. Emerging approaches, including whole genome sequencing, characterisation of genomic architecture, epigenomics, and genomic vulnerability to climate change are also reviewed. We demonstrate that the operationalisation of omics tools can enhance the design, monitoring, and management of MPAs and thus will play an important role in a modern and comprehensive blue economy strategy.

Original languageEnglish
Article number886494
Number of pages10
JournalFrontiers in Genetics
Volume13
Early online date22 Jun 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 22 Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

FUNDING
This work was supported by funding provided to the Marine Conservation Targets Program with Fisheries and Oceans
Canada.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank Geneviève Faille (DFO Québec) and Kristen Westfall (DFO Pacific) for their helpful review of this article. We also thank the two reviewers for their helpful comments in improving the drafts of this manuscript.

Keywords

  • marine conservation
  • population genomics
  • environmental DNA (eDNA)
  • Metabarcoding
  • connectivity
  • conservation planning

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