Abstract
Arsenic (As) is an environmental and food chain contaminant. Excessive accumulation of As, particularly inorganic arsenic (As-i), in rice (Oryza sativa) poses a potential health risk to populations with high rice consumption. Rice is efficient at As accumulation owing to flooded paddy cultivation that leads to arsenite mobilization, and the inadvertent yet efficient uptake of arsenite through the silicon transport pathway. Iron, phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon interact strongly with As during its route from soil to plants. Plants take up arsenate through the phosphate transporters, and arsenite and undissociated methylated As species through the nodulin 26-like intrinsic (NIP) aquaporin channels. Arsenate is readily reduced to arsenite in planta, which is detoxified by complexation with thiol-rich peptides such as phytochelatins and/or vacuolar sequestration. A range of mitigation methods, from agronomic measures and plant breeding to genetic modification, may be employed to reduce As uptake by food crops.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 535-559 |
Number of pages | 25 |
Journal | Annual Review of Plant Biology |
Volume | 61 |
Early online date | 25 Jan 2010 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jun 2010 |
Keywords
- arsenic biogeochemistry
- arsenic speciation
- arsenic methylation
- arsenic toxicity
- rice oryza-sativa
- hyperaccumulator pteris-vittata
- sunflower helianthus-annuus
- intrinsic protein family
- mustard brassica-juncea
- market basket survey
- holcus-lanatus
- phytochelatin synthase
- arabidopsis-thaliana
- Indian mustard