# Basic Operations on Supertropical Quadratic Forms

Zur Izhakian, Manfred Knebusch

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

### Abstract

In the case that a module $V$ over a (commutative) supertropical semiring $R$ is free, the $R$-module $\QV$ of all quadratic forms on $V$ is almost never a free module. Nevertheless, $\QV$ has two free submodules, the module $\QL(V)$ of quasilinear forms with base $\mfDz$ and the module $\Rig(V)$ of rigid forms with base $\mfHz$, such that $\QV = \QL(V) + \Rig(V)$ and $\QL(V) \cap \Rig(V) = \00.$ In this paper we study endomorphisms of $\QV$ for which each submodule $Rq$ with $q \in \mfDz \cup \mfHz$ is invariant; these basic endomorphisms are determined by coefficients in $R$ and do not depend on the base of $V$. We aim for a description of all basic endomorphisms of $\QV$, or more generally of its submodules spanned by subsets of $\mfDz \cup \mfHz$. But, due to complexity issues, this naive goal is highly nontrivial for an arbitrary supertropical semiring $R$. Our main stress is therefore on results valid under only mild conditions on $R$, while a complete solution is provided for the case that $R$ is a tangible supersemifield.
Original language English 1661-1707 47 Documenta Mathematica 22 Published - 2017

Endomorphisms
Module
Semiring
Valid
Subset
Invariant
Arbitrary
Coefficient
Form

### Keywords

• Tropical algebra
• supertropical modules
• bilinear forms
• minimal ordering
• unique base property

### Cite this

Basic Operations on Supertropical Quadratic Forms. / Izhakian, Zur; Knebusch, Manfred.

In: Documenta Mathematica, Vol. 22, 2017, p. 1661-1707.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticle

Izhakian, Zur ; Knebusch, Manfred. / Basic Operations on Supertropical Quadratic Forms. In: Documenta Mathematica. 2017 ; Vol. 22. pp. 1661-1707.
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AU - Knebusch, Manfred

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N2 - In the case that a module $V$ over a (commutative) supertropical semiring $R$ is free, the $R$-module $\QV$ of all quadratic forms on $V$ is almost never a free module. Nevertheless, $\QV$ has two free submodules, the module $\QL(V)$ of quasilinear forms with base $\mfDz$ and the module $\Rig(V)$ of rigid forms with base $\mfHz$, such that $\QV = \QL(V) + \Rig(V)$ and $\QL(V) \cap \Rig(V) = \00.$ In this paper we study endomorphisms of $\QV$ for which each submodule $Rq$ with $q \in \mfDz \cup \mfHz$ is invariant; these basic endomorphisms are determined by coefficients in $R$ and do not depend on the base of $V$. We aim for a description of all basic endomorphisms of $\QV$, or more generally of its submodules spanned by subsets of $\mfDz \cup \mfHz$. But, due to complexity issues, this naive goal is highly nontrivial for an arbitrary supertropical semiring $R$. Our main stress is therefore on results valid under only mild conditions on $R$, while a complete solution is provided for the case that $R$ is a tangible supersemifield.

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