Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran

Mehdi Javanbakht; Hamid R. Baradaran; Atefeh Mashayekhi; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Mohammad E. Khamseh; Erfan Kharazmi; Aboozar Sadeghi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026864

Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran

Mehdi Javanbakht^* (Corresponding Author), Hamid R. Baradaran, Atefeh Mashayekhi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad E. Khamseh, Erfan Kharazmi, Aboozar Sadeghi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Applied Health Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes is a worldwide high prevalence chronic progressive disease that poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed economic burden of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications in Iran in 2009 year.

Methods: This is a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study focusing on quantifying direct health care costs by bottom-up approach. Data on inpatient hospital services, outpatient clinic visits, physician services, drugs, laboratory test, education and non-medical cost were collected from two national registries. The human capital approach was used to calculate indirect costs separately in male and female and also among different age groups.

Results: The total national cost of diagnosed T2DM in 2009 is estimated at 3.78 billion USA dollars (USD) including 2.04 +/- 0.28 billion direct (medical and non-medical) costs and indirect costs of 1.73 million. Average direct and indirect cost per capita was 842.6 +/- 102 and 864.8 USD respectively. Complications (48.9%) and drugs (23.8%) were main components of direct cost. The largest components of medical expenditures attributed to diabetes's complications are cardiovascular disease (42.3% of total Complications cost), nephropathy (23%) and ophthalmic complications (14%). Indirect costs include temporarily disability (335.7 million), permanent disability (452.4 million) and reduced productivity due to premature mortality (950.3 million).

Conclusions: T2DM is a costly disease in the Iran healthcare system and consume more than 8.69% of total health expenditure. In addition to these quantified costs, T2DM imposes high intangible costs on society in terms of reduced quality of life. Identification of effective new strategies for the control of diabetes and its complications is a public health priority.

Original language	English
Article number	26864
Number of pages	7
Journal	PloS ONE
Volume	6
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026864
Publication status	Published - 31 Oct 2011

Bibliographical note

This study was supported by a grant (number 358) from the Endocrine Research Center (Firoozgar) affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Keywords

CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE
HEALTH-CARE COSTS
ECONOMIC BURDEN
RISK-FACTORS
COMPLICATIONS
PREVALENCE
POPULATION
GLUCOSE
US

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran
© 2011 Javanbakht et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Final published version, 86.3 KBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran",

abstract = "Introduction: Diabetes is a worldwide high prevalence chronic progressive disease that poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed economic burden of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications in Iran in 2009 year.Methods: This is a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study focusing on quantifying direct health care costs by bottom-up approach. Data on inpatient hospital services, outpatient clinic visits, physician services, drugs, laboratory test, education and non-medical cost were collected from two national registries. The human capital approach was used to calculate indirect costs separately in male and female and also among different age groups.Results: The total national cost of diagnosed T2DM in 2009 is estimated at 3.78 billion USA dollars (USD) including 2.04 +/- 0.28 billion direct (medical and non-medical) costs and indirect costs of 1.73 million. Average direct and indirect cost per capita was 842.6 +/- 102 and 864.8 USD respectively. Complications (48.9%) and drugs (23.8%) were main components of direct cost. The largest components of medical expenditures attributed to diabetes's complications are cardiovascular disease (42.3% of total Complications cost), nephropathy (23%) and ophthalmic complications (14%). Indirect costs include temporarily disability (335.7 million), permanent disability (452.4 million) and reduced productivity due to premature mortality (950.3 million).Conclusions: T2DM is a costly disease in the Iran healthcare system and consume more than 8.69% of total health expenditure. In addition to these quantified costs, T2DM imposes high intangible costs on society in terms of reduced quality of life. Identification of effective new strategies for the control of diabetes and its complications is a public health priority.",

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note = "This study was supported by a grant (number 358) from the Endocrine Research Center (Firoozgar) affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.",

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AU - Javanbakht, Mehdi

AU - Baradaran, Hamid R.

AU - Mashayekhi, Atefeh

AU - Haghdoost, Ali Akbar

AU - Khamseh, Mohammad E.

AU - Kharazmi, Erfan

AU - Sadeghi, Aboozar

N1 - This study was supported by a grant (number 358) from the Endocrine Research Center (Firoozgar) affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Y1 - 2011/10/31

N2 - Introduction: Diabetes is a worldwide high prevalence chronic progressive disease that poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed economic burden of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications in Iran in 2009 year.Methods: This is a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study focusing on quantifying direct health care costs by bottom-up approach. Data on inpatient hospital services, outpatient clinic visits, physician services, drugs, laboratory test, education and non-medical cost were collected from two national registries. The human capital approach was used to calculate indirect costs separately in male and female and also among different age groups.Results: The total national cost of diagnosed T2DM in 2009 is estimated at 3.78 billion USA dollars (USD) including 2.04 +/- 0.28 billion direct (medical and non-medical) costs and indirect costs of 1.73 million. Average direct and indirect cost per capita was 842.6 +/- 102 and 864.8 USD respectively. Complications (48.9%) and drugs (23.8%) were main components of direct cost. The largest components of medical expenditures attributed to diabetes's complications are cardiovascular disease (42.3% of total Complications cost), nephropathy (23%) and ophthalmic complications (14%). Indirect costs include temporarily disability (335.7 million), permanent disability (452.4 million) and reduced productivity due to premature mortality (950.3 million).Conclusions: T2DM is a costly disease in the Iran healthcare system and consume more than 8.69% of total health expenditure. In addition to these quantified costs, T2DM imposes high intangible costs on society in terms of reduced quality of life. Identification of effective new strategies for the control of diabetes and its complications is a public health priority.

AB - Introduction: Diabetes is a worldwide high prevalence chronic progressive disease that poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. The aim of this study is to provide a detailed economic burden of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications in Iran in 2009 year.Methods: This is a prevalence-based cost-of-illness study focusing on quantifying direct health care costs by bottom-up approach. Data on inpatient hospital services, outpatient clinic visits, physician services, drugs, laboratory test, education and non-medical cost were collected from two national registries. The human capital approach was used to calculate indirect costs separately in male and female and also among different age groups.Results: The total national cost of diagnosed T2DM in 2009 is estimated at 3.78 billion USA dollars (USD) including 2.04 +/- 0.28 billion direct (medical and non-medical) costs and indirect costs of 1.73 million. Average direct and indirect cost per capita was 842.6 +/- 102 and 864.8 USD respectively. Complications (48.9%) and drugs (23.8%) were main components of direct cost. The largest components of medical expenditures attributed to diabetes's complications are cardiovascular disease (42.3% of total Complications cost), nephropathy (23%) and ophthalmic complications (14%). Indirect costs include temporarily disability (335.7 million), permanent disability (452.4 million) and reduced productivity due to premature mortality (950.3 million).Conclusions: T2DM is a costly disease in the Iran healthcare system and consume more than 8.69% of total health expenditure. In addition to these quantified costs, T2DM imposes high intangible costs on society in terms of reduced quality of life. Identification of effective new strategies for the control of diabetes and its complications is a public health priority.

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KW - ECONOMIC BURDEN

KW - RISK-FACTORS

KW - COMPLICATIONS

KW - PREVALENCE

KW - POPULATION

KW - GLUCOSE

KW - US

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Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Iran

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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