Abstract
Design: This article reports findings from two intensive longitudinal studies, testing the reciprocal relationship of self-efficacy and its two main sources within the naturally occurring process of quitting smoking (without intervention). Smokers (Study 1: N = 100 smokers in smoker-non-smoker couples (1787 observations); Study 2; N = 81 female (1401 observations) and N = 79 male smokers (1328 observations) in dual-smoker couples) reported their mastery experiences (not smoking the entire day; in Study 2, mastery experience of partner served as vicarious experience) and smoking-specific self-efficacy for 21 days after a self-set quit date.
Methods: Time-lagged multilevel analyses were conducted using change-predicting-change models.
Results: Increases in mastery experiences predicted changes in self-efficacy, and increases in self-efficacy predicted changes in mastery experiences in Study 1. Study 2 replicated these results and showed contagion effects (partners’ mastery on individuals’ mastery, and partners’ self-efficacy on individuals’ self-efficacy), but found no evidence for a link between vicarious experiences (partners’ mastery experiences) and individuals’ self-efficacy.
Conclusions: This article demonstrates that mastery experiences and self-efficacy show a reciprocal relationship within smokers during a quit attempt in a day-to-day design, as well as contagion effects in couples when both partners try to quit simultaneously.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 371-386 |
| Number of pages | 16 |
| Journal | British Journal of Health Psychology |
| Volume | 23 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| Early online date | 15 Jan 2018 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - May 2018 |
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Keywords
- social-cognitive theory
- sources of self-efficacy
- couples
- daily diary
- ecological momentary assessment
- intensive longitudinal
Cite this
Day-to-day mastery and self-efficacy changes during a smoking quit attempt : Two studies. / Warner, Lisa M.; Stadler, Gertraud; Lüscher, Janina; Knoll, Nina; Ochsner, Sibylle ; Hornung, Rainer; Scholz, Urte.
In: British Journal of Health Psychology, Vol. 23, No. 2, 05.2018, p. 371-386.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Day-to-day mastery and self-efficacy changes during a smoking quit attempt
T2 - Two studies
AU - Warner, Lisa M.
AU - Stadler, Gertraud
AU - Lüscher, Janina
AU - Knoll, Nina
AU - Ochsner, Sibylle
AU - Hornung, Rainer
AU - Scholz, Urte
N1 - Funded by Swiss National Science Foundation. Grant Numbers: 100014_124516, PP00P1_133632/1, IZKOZT_L66834
PY - 2018/5
Y1 - 2018/5
N2 - Objective: In social-cognitive theory it is hypothesized that mastery experiences (successfully implementing behaviour change) are a source of self-efficacy, and self-efficacy increases the opportunity for experiencing mastery. Vicarious experiences (seeing others succeed) are suggested as another source of self-efficacy. However, the hypothesis of this reciprocal relationship has not been tested using a day-to-day design.Design: This article reports findings from two intensive longitudinal studies, testing the reciprocal relationship of self-efficacy and its two main sources within the naturally occurring process of quitting smoking (without intervention). Smokers (Study 1: N = 100 smokers in smoker-non-smoker couples (1787 observations); Study 2; N = 81 female (1401 observations) and N = 79 male smokers (1328 observations) in dual-smoker couples) reported their mastery experiences (not smoking the entire day; in Study 2, mastery experience of partner served as vicarious experience) and smoking-specific self-efficacy for 21 days after a self-set quit date.Methods: Time-lagged multilevel analyses were conducted using change-predicting-change models.Results: Increases in mastery experiences predicted changes in self-efficacy, and increases in self-efficacy predicted changes in mastery experiences in Study 1. Study 2 replicated these results and showed contagion effects (partners’ mastery on individuals’ mastery, and partners’ self-efficacy on individuals’ self-efficacy), but found no evidence for a link between vicarious experiences (partners’ mastery experiences) and individuals’ self-efficacy.Conclusions: This article demonstrates that mastery experiences and self-efficacy show a reciprocal relationship within smokers during a quit attempt in a day-to-day design, as well as contagion effects in couples when both partners try to quit simultaneously.
AB - Objective: In social-cognitive theory it is hypothesized that mastery experiences (successfully implementing behaviour change) are a source of self-efficacy, and self-efficacy increases the opportunity for experiencing mastery. Vicarious experiences (seeing others succeed) are suggested as another source of self-efficacy. However, the hypothesis of this reciprocal relationship has not been tested using a day-to-day design.Design: This article reports findings from two intensive longitudinal studies, testing the reciprocal relationship of self-efficacy and its two main sources within the naturally occurring process of quitting smoking (without intervention). Smokers (Study 1: N = 100 smokers in smoker-non-smoker couples (1787 observations); Study 2; N = 81 female (1401 observations) and N = 79 male smokers (1328 observations) in dual-smoker couples) reported their mastery experiences (not smoking the entire day; in Study 2, mastery experience of partner served as vicarious experience) and smoking-specific self-efficacy for 21 days after a self-set quit date.Methods: Time-lagged multilevel analyses were conducted using change-predicting-change models.Results: Increases in mastery experiences predicted changes in self-efficacy, and increases in self-efficacy predicted changes in mastery experiences in Study 1. Study 2 replicated these results and showed contagion effects (partners’ mastery on individuals’ mastery, and partners’ self-efficacy on individuals’ self-efficacy), but found no evidence for a link between vicarious experiences (partners’ mastery experiences) and individuals’ self-efficacy.Conclusions: This article demonstrates that mastery experiences and self-efficacy show a reciprocal relationship within smokers during a quit attempt in a day-to-day design, as well as contagion effects in couples when both partners try to quit simultaneously.
KW - social-cognitive theory
KW - sources of self-efficacy
KW - couples
KW - daily diary
KW - ecological momentary assessment
KW - intensive longitudinal
U2 - 10.1111/bjhp.12293
DO - 10.1111/bjhp.12293
M3 - Article
VL - 23
SP - 371
EP - 386
JO - British Journal of Health Psychology
JF - British Journal of Health Psychology
SN - 1359-107X
IS - 2
ER -