Defining and measuring bedtime routines in families with young children-A DELPHI process for reaching wider consensus

George Kitsaras; Michaela Goodwin; Julia Allan; Iain A Pretty

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247490

Defining and measuring bedtime routines in families with young children-A DELPHI process for reaching wider consensus

George Kitsaras^* (Corresponding Author), Michaela Goodwin, Julia Allan, Iain A Pretty

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Bedtime routines are one of the most common family activities. They affect children' wellbeing, development and health. Despite their importance, there is limited evidence and agreement on what constitutes an optimal bedtime routine. This study aims to reach expert consensus on a definition of optimal bedtime routines and to propose a measurement for bedtime routines.

METHOD: Four-step DELPHI process completed between February and March 2020 with 59 experts from different scientific, health and social care backgrounds. The DELPHI process started with an expert discussion group and then continued with 3 formal DELPHI rounds during which different elements of the definition and measurement of bedtime routines were iteratively refined. The proposed measurement of bedtime routines was then validated against existing data following the end of the DELPHI process.

RESULTS: At the end of the four round DELPHI process and with a consistent 70% agreement level, a holistic definition of bedtime routines for families with young children between the ages of 2 and 8 years was achieved. Additionally, two approaches for measuring bedtime routines, one static (one-off) and one dynamic (over a 7-night period) are proposed following the end of the DELPHI process. A Bland-Altman difference plot was also calculated and visually examined showing agreement between the measurements that could allow them to be used interchangeably.

DISCUSSION: Both the definition and the proposed measurements of bedtime routines are an important, initial step towards capturing a behavioural determinant of important health and developmental outcomes in children.

Original language	English
Article number	e0247490
Number of pages	12
Journal	PloS ONE
Volume	16
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247490
Publication status	Published - 24 Feb 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding: This study forms part of a wider project funded by the Public Health Intervention Development Scheme of the Medical Research Council in the United Kingdom (ref.: MR/T002980/1).

Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting information files.

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Copyright: © 2021 Kitsaras et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Cite this

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abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Bedtime routines are one of the most common family activities. They affect children' wellbeing, development and health. Despite their importance, there is limited evidence and agreement on what constitutes an optimal bedtime routine. This study aims to reach expert consensus on a definition of optimal bedtime routines and to propose a measurement for bedtime routines.METHOD: Four-step DELPHI process completed between February and March 2020 with 59 experts from different scientific, health and social care backgrounds. The DELPHI process started with an expert discussion group and then continued with 3 formal DELPHI rounds during which different elements of the definition and measurement of bedtime routines were iteratively refined. The proposed measurement of bedtime routines was then validated against existing data following the end of the DELPHI process.RESULTS: At the end of the four round DELPHI process and with a consistent 70% agreement level, a holistic definition of bedtime routines for families with young children between the ages of 2 and 8 years was achieved. Additionally, two approaches for measuring bedtime routines, one static (one-off) and one dynamic (over a 7-night period) are proposed following the end of the DELPHI process. A Bland-Altman difference plot was also calculated and visually examined showing agreement between the measurements that could allow them to be used interchangeably.DISCUSSION: Both the definition and the proposed measurements of bedtime routines are an important, initial step towards capturing a behavioural determinant of important health and developmental outcomes in children.",

author = "George Kitsaras and Michaela Goodwin and Julia Allan and Pretty, {Iain A}",

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Defining and measuring bedtime routines in families with young children-A DELPHI process for reaching wider consensus

Abstract

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