Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening response to infection associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We investigated differential effects of three forms of vitamin E, which accumulate in different cellular compartments, on oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mRNA and protein expression profiles associated with the human Toll-like receptor (TLR) -2 and -4 pathways. Human endothelial cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/peptidoglycan G (PepG) to mimic sepsis, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, or Trolox. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity were measured. NFκB-P65, total and phosphorylated inhibitor of NFκB alpha (NFκBIA), and STAT-3 in nuclear extracts, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 production in culture supernatants and cellular mRNA expression of 32 genes involved in Toll-like receptor-2 and -4 pathways were measured. Exposure to LPS/PepG caused increased total radical production (p = 0.022), decreased glutathione ratio (p = 0.016), reduced membrane potential and metabolic activity (both p < 0.0001), increased nuclear NFκB-P65 expression (p = 0.016) and increased IL-6/8 secretion (both p < 0.0001). MitoVitE, α- tocopherol and Trolox were similar in reducing oxidative stress, NFκB activation and interleukin secretion. MitoVitE had widespread downregulatory effects on gene expression. Despite differences in site of actions, all forms of vitamin E were protective under conditions mimicking sepsis. These results challenge the concept that protection inside mitochondria provides better protection.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 195 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Antioxidants |
Volume | 9 |
Issue number | 3 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 26 Feb 2020 |
Bibliographical note
Funding: This research was funded by The British Journal of Anaesthesia/Royal College of Anaesthetists (PhD studentship to Beverley Minter).Acknowledgments: We are very grateful to Professor M.P. Murphy, MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK for the generous gift of MitoVitE used in all the experiments, without which this work would not have been possible.
Keywords
- sepsis
- MitoVitE
- antioxidant
- mitochondria
- gene expression
- cytokines
- mRNA
- VITAMIN-E
- ACTIVATION
- FACTOR-KAPPA-B
- INTERLEUKIN-6
- DAMAGE
- IN-VITRO
- TARGETED ANTIOXIDANT
- SEPTIC SHOCK
- LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
- ORGAN DYSFUNCTION
- Cytokines
- Antioxidant
- Gene expression
- Mitochondria
- Sepsis