Abstract
Fish aquaculture is the world's fastest growing food production industry and infectious diseases are a major limiting factor. Vaccination is the most appropriate method for controlling infectious diseases and a key reason for the success of salmonid cultivation and has reduced the use of antibiotics. The development of fish vaccines requires the use of a great number of experimental animals that are challenged with virulent pathogens. In vitro cell culture systems have the potential to replace in vivo pathogen exposure for initial screening and testing of novel vaccine candidates/preparations, and for batch potency and safety tests. PBL contain major immune cells that enable the detection of both innate and adaptive immune responses in vitro. Fish PBL can be easily prepared using a hypotonic method and is the only way to obtain large numbers of immune cells non-lethally. Distinct gene expression profiles of innate and adaptive immunity have been observed between bacterins prepared from different bacterial species, as well as from different strains or culturing conditions of the same bacterial species. Distinct immune pathways are activated by pathogens or vaccines in vivo that can be detected in PBL in vitro. Immune gene expression in PBL after stimulation with vaccine candidates may shed light on the immune pathways involved that lead to vaccine-mediated protection. This study suggests that PBL are a suitable platform for initial screening of vaccine candidates, for evaluation of vaccine-induced immune responses, and a cheap alternative for potency testing to reduce animal use in aquaculture vaccine development.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 631-640 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
Volume | 93 |
Early online date | 1 Aug 2019 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Oct 2019 |
Bibliographical note
AcknowledgementsAhmed Attaya's PhD project was funded by the Newton Fund, the British Council, and the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Hurghada, Egypt. This research was also supported financially by a grant (BB/M013022/1) from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC).
Keywords
- Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
- Peripheral blood leucocytes
- Bacterin
- Vaccine
- Cytokine
- Gene expression
- Innate immunity
- Adaptive immunity
- Aeromonas salmonicida
- Yersinia ruckeri