Abstract
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 755-64 |
| Number of pages | 10 |
| Journal | Physiology and Behavior |
| Volume | 81 |
| Issue number | 5 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Jul 2004 |
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Keywords
- Diet
- Eating
- Energy Intake
- Food
- Humans
- Hyperphagia
- Taste
Cite this
Energy density, diet composition and palatability : influences on overall food energy intake in humans. / Stubbs, R J; Whybrow, Stephen.
In: Physiology and Behavior, Vol. 81, No. 5, 07.2004, p. 755-64.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy density, diet composition and palatability
T2 - influences on overall food energy intake in humans
AU - Stubbs, R J
AU - Whybrow, Stephen
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - This paper considers the role of energy density (ED), diet composition and palatability in the control of energy intake (EI) in humans through several related considerations: (i) the relationship between ED and diet composition, (ii) the relationship between ED, diet composition and EI, (iii) the relationship between palatability and EI, (iv) the relationship between ED, palatability and EI, (v) the importance of postingestive factors in influencing palatability in the longer term, (vi) the contribution of sensory and nutritional factors to dietary hyperphagia and (vii) the implications these considerations have for people living their normal lives in their natural environment. The main factors influencing ED are the fat and water content of foods. Energy density does elevate EI, especially in short-term studies where it can account for >40% of the variance in EI. In real life, ED accounts for only approximately 7% of the variance in EI. This is because the determinants of EI are multifactorial and also because the short-term effects of ED on EI do not translate into the longer term. We argue that part of the longer term amelioration of short-term effects of ED on EI is due to learned compensation, based on the postingestive consequences of consuming familiar food that differ in ED. More energy-dense foods tend to be more palatable but we learn to consume them in smaller portion sizes. In the longer term, the perceived palatability of a food is strongly influenced by the postingestive consequences of eating it. This effect can override sensory factors alone. This implies that nutrient mimetics, if used continuously, would not be as efficacious as initially supposed and that their ad hoc use may undermine the stability of learned appetites and satieties for foods with different EDs and contribute to the poor weight control capability exhibited by consumers at large.
AB - This paper considers the role of energy density (ED), diet composition and palatability in the control of energy intake (EI) in humans through several related considerations: (i) the relationship between ED and diet composition, (ii) the relationship between ED, diet composition and EI, (iii) the relationship between palatability and EI, (iv) the relationship between ED, palatability and EI, (v) the importance of postingestive factors in influencing palatability in the longer term, (vi) the contribution of sensory and nutritional factors to dietary hyperphagia and (vii) the implications these considerations have for people living their normal lives in their natural environment. The main factors influencing ED are the fat and water content of foods. Energy density does elevate EI, especially in short-term studies where it can account for >40% of the variance in EI. In real life, ED accounts for only approximately 7% of the variance in EI. This is because the determinants of EI are multifactorial and also because the short-term effects of ED on EI do not translate into the longer term. We argue that part of the longer term amelioration of short-term effects of ED on EI is due to learned compensation, based on the postingestive consequences of consuming familiar food that differ in ED. More energy-dense foods tend to be more palatable but we learn to consume them in smaller portion sizes. In the longer term, the perceived palatability of a food is strongly influenced by the postingestive consequences of eating it. This effect can override sensory factors alone. This implies that nutrient mimetics, if used continuously, would not be as efficacious as initially supposed and that their ad hoc use may undermine the stability of learned appetites and satieties for foods with different EDs and contribute to the poor weight control capability exhibited by consumers at large.
KW - Diet
KW - Eating
KW - Energy Intake
KW - Food
KW - Humans
KW - Hyperphagia
KW - Taste
U2 - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.027
DO - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.027
M3 - Article
C2 - 15234181
VL - 81
SP - 755
EP - 764
JO - Physiology and Behavior
JF - Physiology and Behavior
SN - 0031-9384
IS - 5
ER -