Environmentally friendly methods for controlling pine pitch canker

J Martín-García (Corresponding Author), R Zas, A Solla, S Woodward, J Hantula, E. J Vainio, M Mullett, C Morales-Rodríguez, A Vannini, P Martínez-Álvarez, G Pinto, A Alves, J Amaral, M. J Wingfield, G Fourie, E. T Steenkamp, R Ahumada, B Šerá, A. V Sanz-Ros, R RaposoM Elvira-Recuenco, E Iturritxa, T.R. Gordon, J. J Diez

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Abstract

Fusarium circinatum is a highly virulent invasive pathogen that causes the disease commonly known as Pine Pitch Canker (PPC). On mature trees, the most common symptoms of PPC include resin bleeding, resinous cankers, wilting of needles and dieback. In nurseries the main symptoms are yellowish needles, and wilting of foliage and shoots. PPC is considered one of the most important diseases of conifers globally and at least 60 species of Pinus along with Pseudotsuga menziesii are known to be susceptible. Quarantine regulations are crucial to minimize the risk of new introductions into disease‐free countries. However, if these measures fail, implementation of environmentally friendly control methods is currently encouraged in an integrated management approach that minimizes the use of chemicals in forests. This review therefore summarizes current knowledge of biological control using endophytic fungi, bacteria and viruses, and other environmentally friendly methods to control PPC, including thermotherapy, natural products with fungicidal effects, promoters of innate host resistance mechanisms and breeding for resistance. Key research gaps to be addressed for improvement of effective management of this disease are discussed.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)843-860
Number of pages28
JournalPlant Pathology
Volume68
Issue number5
Early online date27 Mar 2019
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information

COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology)
FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. Grant Number: PTDC/AGR‐FOR/2768/2014
FEDER. Grant Number: POCI‐01‐0145‐FEDER‐016785
CESAM. Grant Number: UID/AMB/50017/2019
FCT. Grant Numbers: SFRH/BPD/122928/2016, SFRH/BD/120967/2016, SFRH/BPD/101669/2014, IF/00835/2013
Spanish Government via the MINECO/FEDER. Grant Numbers: NGSFORFUSARIUM (AGL2015‐69370‐R), FUTURPIN (AGL2015‐68274‐C03‐02‐R)
Academy of Finland. Grant Number: 309896
Forestry Commission, UK

Keywords

  • Fusarium circinatum
  • endophytes
  • viruses
  • thermotherapy
  • natural compounds
  • genetic resistance
  • SOUTH-AFRICA
  • DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA
  • GIBBERELLA-CIRCINATA ANAMORPH
  • 1ST REPORT
  • F-SP PINI
  • MONTEREY PINE
  • CONTROL FUSARIUM-CIRCINATUM
  • NONTHERMAL PLASMA
  • INDUCED RESISTANCE
  • BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL

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