Ethnic variations in morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections: a retrospective cohort study

Colin R Simpson; Markus F C Steiner; Genevieve Cezard; Narinder Bansal; Colin Fischbacher; Anne Douglas; Raj Bhopal; Aziz Sheikh; SHELS Researchers

doi:10.1177/0141076815588321

Ethnic variations in morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections: a retrospective cohort study

Colin R Simpson, Markus F C Steiner, Genevieve Cezard, Narinder Bansal, Colin Fischbacher, Anne Douglas, Raj Bhopal, Aziz Sheikh, SHELS Researchers

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of substantial ethnic variations in asthma morbidity and the risk of hospitalisation, but the picture in relation to lower respiratory tract infections is unclear. We carried out an observational study to identify ethnic group differences for lower respiratory tract infections.

DESIGN: A retrospective, cohort study.

SETTING: Scotland.

PARTICIPANTS: 4.65 million people on whom information was available from the 2001 census, followed from May 2001 to April 2010.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospitalisations and deaths (any time following first hospitalisation) from lower respiratory tract infections, adjusted risk ratios and hazard ratios by ethnicity and sex were calculated. We multiplied ratios and confidence intervals by 100, so the reference Scottish White population's risk ratio and hazard ratio was 100.

RESULTS: Among men, adjusted risk ratios for lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation were lower in Other White British (80, 95% confidence interval 73-86) and Chinese (69, 95% confidence interval 56-84) populations and higher in Pakistani groups (152, 95% confidence interval 136-169). In women, results were mostly similar to those in men (e.g. Chinese 68, 95% confidence interval 56-82), although higher adjusted risk ratios were found among women of the Other South Asians group (145, 95% confidence interval 120-175). Survival (adjusted hazard ratio) following lower respiratory tract infection for Pakistani men (54, 95% confidence interval 39-74) and women (31, 95% confidence interval 18-53) was better than the reference population.

CONCLUSIONS: Substantial differences in the rates of lower respiratory tract infections amongst different ethnic groups in Scotland were found. Pakistani men and women had particularly high rates of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation. The reasons behind the high rates of lower respiratory tract infection in the Pakistani community are now required.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	406-417
Number of pages	12
Journal	Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
Volume	108
Issue number	10
Early online date	7 Jul 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076815588321
Publication status	Published - Oct 2015

Bibliographical note

© The Royal Society of Medicine.

Acknowledgements: Information Services Division and National Records Scotland made many contributions to the work. Anne Houghton, Arti Nair and Jenny Holmes gave secretarial help to prepare the paper and to general administration. Judith Fernandez prepared the figure. AS was supported by The Commonwealth Fund, a
private independent foundation based in New York City.

Keywords

respiratory tract infections
secondary care
death
ethnic groups
incidence
hospital readmission
hospitalisation

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Cite this

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title = "Ethnic variations in morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections: a retrospective cohort study",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of substantial ethnic variations in asthma morbidity and the risk of hospitalisation, but the picture in relation to lower respiratory tract infections is unclear. We carried out an observational study to identify ethnic group differences for lower respiratory tract infections.DESIGN: A retrospective, cohort study.SETTING: Scotland.PARTICIPANTS: 4.65 million people on whom information was available from the 2001 census, followed from May 2001 to April 2010.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospitalisations and deaths (any time following first hospitalisation) from lower respiratory tract infections, adjusted risk ratios and hazard ratios by ethnicity and sex were calculated. We multiplied ratios and confidence intervals by 100, so the reference Scottish White population's risk ratio and hazard ratio was 100.RESULTS: Among men, adjusted risk ratios for lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation were lower in Other White British (80, 95% confidence interval 73-86) and Chinese (69, 95% confidence interval 56-84) populations and higher in Pakistani groups (152, 95% confidence interval 136-169). In women, results were mostly similar to those in men (e.g. Chinese 68, 95% confidence interval 56-82), although higher adjusted risk ratios were found among women of the Other South Asians group (145, 95% confidence interval 120-175). Survival (adjusted hazard ratio) following lower respiratory tract infection for Pakistani men (54, 95% confidence interval 39-74) and women (31, 95% confidence interval 18-53) was better than the reference population.CONCLUSIONS: Substantial differences in the rates of lower respiratory tract infections amongst different ethnic groups in Scotland were found. Pakistani men and women had particularly high rates of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation. The reasons behind the high rates of lower respiratory tract infection in the Pakistani community are now required.",

keywords = "respiratory tract infections, secondary care, death, ethnic groups, incidence, hospital readmission, hospitalisation",

author = "Simpson, {Colin R} and Steiner, {Markus F C} and Genevieve Cezard and Narinder Bansal and Colin Fischbacher and Anne Douglas and Raj Bhopal and Aziz Sheikh and {SHELS Researchers}",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Royal Society of Medicine. Acknowledgements: Information Services Division and National Records Scotland made many contributions to the work. Anne Houghton, Arti Nair and Jenny Holmes gave secretarial help to prepare the paper and to general administration. Judith Fernandez prepared the figure. AS was supported by The Commonwealth Fund, a private independent foundation based in New York City.",

year = "2015",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1177/0141076815588321",

language = "English",

volume = "108",

pages = "406--417",

journal = "Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Ethnic variations in morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections

T2 - a retrospective cohort study

AU - Simpson, Colin R

AU - Steiner, Markus F C

AU - Cezard, Genevieve

AU - Bansal, Narinder

AU - Fischbacher, Colin

AU - Douglas, Anne

AU - Bhopal, Raj

AU - Sheikh, Aziz

AU - SHELS Researchers

N1 - © The Royal Society of Medicine. Acknowledgements: Information Services Division and National Records Scotland made many contributions to the work. Anne Houghton, Arti Nair and Jenny Holmes gave secretarial help to prepare the paper and to general administration. Judith Fernandez prepared the figure. AS was supported by The Commonwealth Fund, a private independent foundation based in New York City.

PY - 2015/10

Y1 - 2015/10

N2 - OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of substantial ethnic variations in asthma morbidity and the risk of hospitalisation, but the picture in relation to lower respiratory tract infections is unclear. We carried out an observational study to identify ethnic group differences for lower respiratory tract infections.DESIGN: A retrospective, cohort study.SETTING: Scotland.PARTICIPANTS: 4.65 million people on whom information was available from the 2001 census, followed from May 2001 to April 2010.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospitalisations and deaths (any time following first hospitalisation) from lower respiratory tract infections, adjusted risk ratios and hazard ratios by ethnicity and sex were calculated. We multiplied ratios and confidence intervals by 100, so the reference Scottish White population's risk ratio and hazard ratio was 100.RESULTS: Among men, adjusted risk ratios for lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation were lower in Other White British (80, 95% confidence interval 73-86) and Chinese (69, 95% confidence interval 56-84) populations and higher in Pakistani groups (152, 95% confidence interval 136-169). In women, results were mostly similar to those in men (e.g. Chinese 68, 95% confidence interval 56-82), although higher adjusted risk ratios were found among women of the Other South Asians group (145, 95% confidence interval 120-175). Survival (adjusted hazard ratio) following lower respiratory tract infection for Pakistani men (54, 95% confidence interval 39-74) and women (31, 95% confidence interval 18-53) was better than the reference population.CONCLUSIONS: Substantial differences in the rates of lower respiratory tract infections amongst different ethnic groups in Scotland were found. Pakistani men and women had particularly high rates of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation. The reasons behind the high rates of lower respiratory tract infection in the Pakistani community are now required.

AB - OBJECTIVE: There is evidence of substantial ethnic variations in asthma morbidity and the risk of hospitalisation, but the picture in relation to lower respiratory tract infections is unclear. We carried out an observational study to identify ethnic group differences for lower respiratory tract infections.DESIGN: A retrospective, cohort study.SETTING: Scotland.PARTICIPANTS: 4.65 million people on whom information was available from the 2001 census, followed from May 2001 to April 2010.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hospitalisations and deaths (any time following first hospitalisation) from lower respiratory tract infections, adjusted risk ratios and hazard ratios by ethnicity and sex were calculated. We multiplied ratios and confidence intervals by 100, so the reference Scottish White population's risk ratio and hazard ratio was 100.RESULTS: Among men, adjusted risk ratios for lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation were lower in Other White British (80, 95% confidence interval 73-86) and Chinese (69, 95% confidence interval 56-84) populations and higher in Pakistani groups (152, 95% confidence interval 136-169). In women, results were mostly similar to those in men (e.g. Chinese 68, 95% confidence interval 56-82), although higher adjusted risk ratios were found among women of the Other South Asians group (145, 95% confidence interval 120-175). Survival (adjusted hazard ratio) following lower respiratory tract infection for Pakistani men (54, 95% confidence interval 39-74) and women (31, 95% confidence interval 18-53) was better than the reference population.CONCLUSIONS: Substantial differences in the rates of lower respiratory tract infections amongst different ethnic groups in Scotland were found. Pakistani men and women had particularly high rates of lower respiratory tract infection hospitalisation. The reasons behind the high rates of lower respiratory tract infection in the Pakistani community are now required.

KW - respiratory tract infections

KW - secondary care

KW - death

KW - ethnic groups

KW - incidence

KW - hospital readmission

KW - hospitalisation

U2 - 10.1177/0141076815588321

DO - 10.1177/0141076815588321

M3 - Article

C2 - 26152675

SN - 0141-0768

VL - 108

SP - 406

EP - 417

JO - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

JF - Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine

IS - 10

ER -

Ethnic variations in morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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