Five subfamilies of β-defensin genes are present in salmonids: evolutionary insights and expression analysis in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Anna Harte; Guangming Tian; Qiaoqing Xu; Christopher John Secombes; Tiehui Wang

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2019.103560

Five subfamilies of β-defensin genes are present in salmonids: evolutionary insights and expression analysis in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Anna Harte, Guangming Tian, Qiaoqing Xu, Christopher John Secombes^* (Corresponding Author), Tiehui Wang^* (Corresponding Author)

^*Corresponding author for this work

Yangtze University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

β-defensins (BD) are the largest family of vertebrate defensins with potent antimicrobial, chemotactic and immune-regulatory activities. Four BD genes (BD1-4) have been cloned previously in rainbow trout but none have been reported in other salmonids. In this study seven BD genes (BD1a-b, 2–4, 5a-b) are characterised in Atlantic salmon and additional BD genes (BD1b and BD5) in rainbow trout. Bioinformatic analysis revealed up to seven BD genes in the genomes of other salmonids that belong to five subfamilies (BD1-5) due to whole genome duplications. BD1-2 and BD4-5 are also present in basal teleosts but only BD1 and/or BD5 are present in advanced teleosts due to loss of one chromosomal locus. BD3 is salmonid specific. Fish BD have a unique three-coding exon structure. Fish BD are highly divergent between subfamilies but conserved within each subfamily. Atlantic salmon BD genes are differentially expressed in tissues, often with low level expression in systemic immune organs (head kidney and spleen) yet with at least one BD gene highly expressed in mucosal tissues, heart, blood and liver. This suggests an important role of these BD genes in innate immunity in mucosa, liver and blood in Atlantic salmon.

Original language	English
Article number	103560
Number of pages	15
Journal	Developmental and Comparative Immunology
Volume	104
Early online date	20 Nov 2019
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2019.103560
Publication status	Published - Mar 2020

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements
AH was supported financially by a BBSRC industrial CASE studentship with Cargill Aqua Innovation. GT was supported financially by the State Scholarship Fund organised by the China Scholarship Council (201808420042).

Keywords

Atlantic salmon
β-defensin
expression
synteny
phylogenetic tree
evolution
CYTOKINES
Phylogenetic tree
Synteny
FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION
IDENTIFICATION
FAMILY
beta-defensin
PEPTIDES
PATTERN
Expression
Evolution
HOMOLOGS
TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS
IMMUNE DEFENSE
MODULATION

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title = "Five subfamilies of β-defensin genes are present in salmonids: evolutionary insights and expression analysis in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar",

abstract = "β-defensins (BD) are the largest family of vertebrate defensins with potent antimicrobial, chemotactic and immune-regulatory activities. Four BD genes (BD1-4) have been cloned previously in rainbow trout but none have been reported in other salmonids. In this study seven BD genes (BD1a-b, 2–4, 5a-b) are characterised in Atlantic salmon and additional BD genes (BD1b and BD5) in rainbow trout. Bioinformatic analysis revealed up to seven BD genes in the genomes of other salmonids that belong to five subfamilies (BD1-5) due to whole genome duplications. BD1-2 and BD4-5 are also present in basal teleosts but only BD1 and/or BD5 are present in advanced teleosts due to loss of one chromosomal locus. BD3 is salmonid specific. Fish BD have a unique three-coding exon structure. Fish BD are highly divergent between subfamilies but conserved within each subfamily. Atlantic salmon BD genes are differentially expressed in tissues, often with low level expression in systemic immune organs (head kidney and spleen) yet with at least one BD gene highly expressed in mucosal tissues, heart, blood and liver. This suggests an important role of these BD genes in innate immunity in mucosa, liver and blood in Atlantic salmon.",

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author = "Anna Harte and Guangming Tian and Qiaoqing Xu and Secombes, {Christopher John} and Tiehui Wang",

note = "Acknowledgements AH was supported financially by a BBSRC industrial CASE studentship with Cargill Aqua Innovation. GT was supported financially by the State Scholarship Fund organised by the China Scholarship Council (201808420042).",

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doi = "10.1016/j.dci.2019.103560",

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AU - Secombes, Christopher John

AU - Wang, Tiehui

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N2 - β-defensins (BD) are the largest family of vertebrate defensins with potent antimicrobial, chemotactic and immune-regulatory activities. Four BD genes (BD1-4) have been cloned previously in rainbow trout but none have been reported in other salmonids. In this study seven BD genes (BD1a-b, 2–4, 5a-b) are characterised in Atlantic salmon and additional BD genes (BD1b and BD5) in rainbow trout. Bioinformatic analysis revealed up to seven BD genes in the genomes of other salmonids that belong to five subfamilies (BD1-5) due to whole genome duplications. BD1-2 and BD4-5 are also present in basal teleosts but only BD1 and/or BD5 are present in advanced teleosts due to loss of one chromosomal locus. BD3 is salmonid specific. Fish BD have a unique three-coding exon structure. Fish BD are highly divergent between subfamilies but conserved within each subfamily. Atlantic salmon BD genes are differentially expressed in tissues, often with low level expression in systemic immune organs (head kidney and spleen) yet with at least one BD gene highly expressed in mucosal tissues, heart, blood and liver. This suggests an important role of these BD genes in innate immunity in mucosa, liver and blood in Atlantic salmon.

AB - β-defensins (BD) are the largest family of vertebrate defensins with potent antimicrobial, chemotactic and immune-regulatory activities. Four BD genes (BD1-4) have been cloned previously in rainbow trout but none have been reported in other salmonids. In this study seven BD genes (BD1a-b, 2–4, 5a-b) are characterised in Atlantic salmon and additional BD genes (BD1b and BD5) in rainbow trout. Bioinformatic analysis revealed up to seven BD genes in the genomes of other salmonids that belong to five subfamilies (BD1-5) due to whole genome duplications. BD1-2 and BD4-5 are also present in basal teleosts but only BD1 and/or BD5 are present in advanced teleosts due to loss of one chromosomal locus. BD3 is salmonid specific. Fish BD have a unique three-coding exon structure. Fish BD are highly divergent between subfamilies but conserved within each subfamily. Atlantic salmon BD genes are differentially expressed in tissues, often with low level expression in systemic immune organs (head kidney and spleen) yet with at least one BD gene highly expressed in mucosal tissues, heart, blood and liver. This suggests an important role of these BD genes in innate immunity in mucosa, liver and blood in Atlantic salmon.

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JO - Developmental and Comparative Immunology

JF - Developmental and Comparative Immunology

M1 - 103560

ER -

Five subfamilies of β-defensin genes are present in salmonids: evolutionary insights and expression analysis in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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