Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland

Ahmad Albalawi; Catherine Hambly; John R Speakman

doi:10.3390/nu12092501

Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland

Ahmad Albalawi, Catherine Hambly, John R Speakman^* (Corresponding Author)

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Citations (Scopus)

3 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The frequency of visits to restaurants has been suggested to contribute to the pandemic of obesity. However, few studies have examined how individual use of these restaurants is related to Body Mass Index (BMI).

AIM: To investigate the association between the usage of different types of food outlets and BMI among adults in Scotland.

METHOD: The study was cross-sectional. Participants completed an online survey for seven consecutive days where all food purchased at food outlets was reported each day. We explored the relationship between BMI and usage of these food outlets.

RESULTS: The total number of participants that completed the survey was 681. The BMI of both males and females was not related to frequency of use of Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), delivery or takeaways, when assessed individually or combined (TFOs = total food outlets).

CONCLUSION: These cross-sectional data do not support the widespread belief that consumption of food out of the home at fast-food and full-service restaurants, combined with that derived from deliveries and takeaways, is a major driver of obesity in Scotland.

Original language	English
Article number	2501
Number of pages	21
Journal	Nutrients
Volume	12
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092501
Publication status	Published - 19 Aug 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding: A.A. was supported by a studentship from the University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia (KSA). J.R.S. was supported by a Wolfson merit award from the Royal Society.

Author Contributions: A.A., C.H. and J.R.S. conceptualization; A.A. and J.R.S. data curation; A.A. and J.R.S.
formal analysis; A.A., J.R.S. and C.H. investigation; A.A., C.H. and J.R.S. methodology; A.A. software; A.A.
validation; A.A. visualization; A.A. writing—original draft; C.H. and J.R.S. project administration; C.H. and J.R.S.
supervision; C.H. and J.R.S. writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version
of the manuscript.

Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2501/s1.
Table S1: Sociodemographic survey, Table S2: food outlet usage survey, Table S3: ANOVA analysis: unadjusted

Keywords

food outlet usage
obesity
energy intake
energy contents
Energy intake
Obesity
Food outlet usage
Energy contents
ENERGY-INTAKE
HEIGHT
OBESITY
DIET
DENSITIES
FAST-FOOD
OVERWEIGHT
WEIGHT
CONSUMPTION
HOME

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Albalawi_etal_nutrients_Frequency_VOR
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Cite this

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title = "Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: The frequency of visits to restaurants has been suggested to contribute to the pandemic of obesity. However, few studies have examined how individual use of these restaurants is related to Body Mass Index (BMI).AIM: To investigate the association between the usage of different types of food outlets and BMI among adults in Scotland.METHOD: The study was cross-sectional. Participants completed an online survey for seven consecutive days where all food purchased at food outlets was reported each day. We explored the relationship between BMI and usage of these food outlets.RESULTS: The total number of participants that completed the survey was 681. The BMI of both males and females was not related to frequency of use of Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), delivery or takeaways, when assessed individually or combined (TFOs = total food outlets).CONCLUSION: These cross-sectional data do not support the widespread belief that consumption of food out of the home at fast-food and full-service restaurants, combined with that derived from deliveries and takeaways, is a major driver of obesity in Scotland.",

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author = "Ahmad Albalawi and Catherine Hambly and Speakman, {John R}",

note = "Funding: A.A. was supported by a studentship from the University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia (KSA). J.R.S. was supported by a Wolfson merit award from the Royal Society. Author Contributions: A.A., C.H. and J.R.S. conceptualization; A.A. and J.R.S. data curation; A.A. and J.R.S. formal analysis; A.A., J.R.S. and C.H. investigation; A.A., C.H. and J.R.S. methodology; A.A. software; A.A. validation; A.A. visualization; A.A. writing—original draft; C.H. and J.R.S. project administration; C.H. and J.R.S. supervision; C.H. and J.R.S. writing—review & editing. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/9/2501/s1. Table S1: Sociodemographic survey, Table S2: food outlet usage survey, Table S3: ANOVA analysis: unadjusted ",

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T1 - Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland

AU - Albalawi, Ahmad

AU - Hambly, Catherine

AU - Speakman, John R

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N2 - BACKGROUND: The frequency of visits to restaurants has been suggested to contribute to the pandemic of obesity. However, few studies have examined how individual use of these restaurants is related to Body Mass Index (BMI).AIM: To investigate the association between the usage of different types of food outlets and BMI among adults in Scotland.METHOD: The study was cross-sectional. Participants completed an online survey for seven consecutive days where all food purchased at food outlets was reported each day. We explored the relationship between BMI and usage of these food outlets.RESULTS: The total number of participants that completed the survey was 681. The BMI of both males and females was not related to frequency of use of Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), delivery or takeaways, when assessed individually or combined (TFOs = total food outlets).CONCLUSION: These cross-sectional data do not support the widespread belief that consumption of food out of the home at fast-food and full-service restaurants, combined with that derived from deliveries and takeaways, is a major driver of obesity in Scotland.

AB - BACKGROUND: The frequency of visits to restaurants has been suggested to contribute to the pandemic of obesity. However, few studies have examined how individual use of these restaurants is related to Body Mass Index (BMI).AIM: To investigate the association between the usage of different types of food outlets and BMI among adults in Scotland.METHOD: The study was cross-sectional. Participants completed an online survey for seven consecutive days where all food purchased at food outlets was reported each day. We explored the relationship between BMI and usage of these food outlets.RESULTS: The total number of participants that completed the survey was 681. The BMI of both males and females was not related to frequency of use of Full-Service Restaurants (FSRs), Fast-Food Restaurants (FFRs), delivery or takeaways, when assessed individually or combined (TFOs = total food outlets).CONCLUSION: These cross-sectional data do not support the widespread belief that consumption of food out of the home at fast-food and full-service restaurants, combined with that derived from deliveries and takeaways, is a major driver of obesity in Scotland.

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KW - energy intake

KW - energy contents

KW - Energy intake

KW - Obesity

KW - Food outlet usage

KW - Energy contents

KW - ENERGY-INTAKE

KW - HEIGHT

KW - OBESITY

KW - DIET

KW - DENSITIES

KW - FAST-FOOD

KW - OVERWEIGHT

KW - WEIGHT

KW - CONSUMPTION

KW - HOME

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U2 - 10.3390/nu12092501

DO - 10.3390/nu12092501

M3 - Article

C2 - 32825066

SN - 2072-6643

VL - 12

JO - Nutrients

JF - Nutrients

IS - 9

M1 - 2501

ER -

Frequency of Restaurant, Delivery and Takeaway Usage Is Not Related to BMI among Adults in Scotland

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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