Giant fluctuations and structural effects in a flocking epithelium

Fabio Giavazzi; Chiara Malinverno; Salvatore Corallino; Francesco Ginelli; Giorgio Scita; Roberto Cerbino

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/aa7f8e

Giant fluctuations and structural effects in a flocking epithelium

Fabio Giavazzi, Chiara Malinverno, Salvatore Corallino, Francesco Ginelli, Giorgio Scita, Roberto Cerbino

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Abstract

Epithelial cells cultured in a monolayer are very motile in isolation but reach a near-jammed state when mitotic division increases their number above a critical threshold. We have recently shown that a monolayer can be reawakened by over-expression of a single protein, RAB5A, a master regulator of endocytosis. This reawakening of motility was explained in term of a flocking transition that promotes the emergence of a large-scale collective migratory pattern. Here we focus on the impact of this reawakening on the structural properties of the monolayer. We find that the unjammed monolayer is characterised by a fluidisation at the single cell level and by enhanced non-equilibrium large-scale number fluctuations at a larger length scale. Also with the help of numerical simulations, we trace back the origin of these fluctuations to the  self-propelled active nature of the constituents and to the existence of a local alignment mechanism, leading to the spontaneous breaking of the orientational symmetry.

Original language	English
Article number	384003
Pages (from-to)	1-11
Number of pages	11
Journal	Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics
Volume	50
Early online date	13 Jul 2017
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa7f8e
Publication status	Published - 30 Aug 2017

Keywords

active matter
jamming transition
collective cell migration
non-equilibrium fluctuations

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Giavazzi, F., Malinverno, C., Corallino, S., Ginelli, F., Scita, G., & Cerbino, R. (2017). Giant fluctuations and structural effects in a flocking epithelium. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50, 1-11. [384003]. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa7f8e

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title = "Giant fluctuations and structural effects in a flocking epithelium",

abstract = "Epithelial cells cultured in a monolayer are very motile in isolation but reach a near-jammed state when mitotic division increases their number above a critical threshold. We have recently shown that a monolayer can be reawakened by over-expression of a single protein, RAB5A, a master regulator of endocytosis. This reawakening of motility was explained in term of a flocking transition that promotes the emergence of a large-scale collective migratory pattern. Here we focus on the impact of this reawakening on the structural properties of the monolayer. We find that the unjammed monolayer is characterised by a fluidisation at the single cell level and by enhanced non-equilibrium large-scale number fluctuations at a larger length scale. Also with the help of numerical simulations, we trace back the origin of these fluctuations to the self-propelled active nature of the constituents and to the existence of a local alignment mechanism, leading to the spontaneous breaking of the orientational symmetry.",

keywords = "active matter, jamming transition, collective cell migration, non-equilibrium fluctuations",

author = "Fabio Giavazzi and Chiara Malinverno and Salvatore Corallino and Francesco Ginelli and Giorgio Scita and Roberto Cerbino",

note = "We thank S Henkes for useful discussions. FGia and RC acknowledge funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MIUR) under the program Futuro in Ricerca—Project ANISOFT (RBFR125H0M) and from Regione Lombardia and CARIPLO foundation under the joint action Avviso congiunto per l'incremento dell'attrattivit{\'a} del sistema ricerca lombardo e della competitivit{\'a} dei ricercatori candidati su strumenti ERC—Project 2016-0998. CM, SC and GS acknowledge funding from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC 10168 and 18621), MIUR, the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata (RF0235844), Worldwide Cancer Research (AICR-14-0335), and the European Research Council (Advanced-ERC-268836). CM was also supported by Fondazione Umberto Veronesi and SC by an AIRC fellowship. FGin acknowledges support from the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG) PCIG13-GA-2013-618399, and wish to thank the University of Milan and LibrOsteria for their hospitality while this work was underway.",

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AU - Corallino, Salvatore

AU - Ginelli, Francesco

AU - Scita, Giorgio

AU - Cerbino, Roberto

N1 - We thank S Henkes for useful discussions. FGia and RC acknowledge funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MIUR) under the program Futuro in Ricerca—Project ANISOFT (RBFR125H0M) and from Regione Lombardia and CARIPLO foundation under the joint action Avviso congiunto per l'incremento dell'attrattivitá del sistema ricerca lombardo e della competitivitá dei ricercatori candidati su strumenti ERC—Project 2016-0998. CM, SC and GS acknowledge funding from Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro (AIRC 10168 and 18621), MIUR, the Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata (RF0235844), Worldwide Cancer Research (AICR-14-0335), and the European Research Council (Advanced-ERC-268836). CM was also supported by Fondazione Umberto Veronesi and SC by an AIRC fellowship. FGin acknowledges support from the Marie Curie Career Integration Grant (CIG) PCIG13-GA-2013-618399, and wish to thank the University of Milan and LibrOsteria for their hospitality while this work was underway.

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N2 - Epithelial cells cultured in a monolayer are very motile in isolation but reach a near-jammed state when mitotic division increases their number above a critical threshold. We have recently shown that a monolayer can be reawakened by over-expression of a single protein, RAB5A, a master regulator of endocytosis. This reawakening of motility was explained in term of a flocking transition that promotes the emergence of a large-scale collective migratory pattern. Here we focus on the impact of this reawakening on the structural properties of the monolayer. We find that the unjammed monolayer is characterised by a fluidisation at the single cell level and by enhanced non-equilibrium large-scale number fluctuations at a larger length scale. Also with the help of numerical simulations, we trace back the origin of these fluctuations to the self-propelled active nature of the constituents and to the existence of a local alignment mechanism, leading to the spontaneous breaking of the orientational symmetry.

AB - Epithelial cells cultured in a monolayer are very motile in isolation but reach a near-jammed state when mitotic division increases their number above a critical threshold. We have recently shown that a monolayer can be reawakened by over-expression of a single protein, RAB5A, a master regulator of endocytosis. This reawakening of motility was explained in term of a flocking transition that promotes the emergence of a large-scale collective migratory pattern. Here we focus on the impact of this reawakening on the structural properties of the monolayer. We find that the unjammed monolayer is characterised by a fluidisation at the single cell level and by enhanced non-equilibrium large-scale number fluctuations at a larger length scale. Also with the help of numerical simulations, we trace back the origin of these fluctuations to the self-propelled active nature of the constituents and to the existence of a local alignment mechanism, leading to the spontaneous breaking of the orientational symmetry.

KW - active matter

KW - jamming transition

KW - collective cell migration

KW - non-equilibrium fluctuations

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DO - 10.1088/1361-6463/aa7f8e

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JO - Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

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