HDR Display Characterization and Modeling

The chapter characterizes and presents models of high dynamic range (HDR) display based on backlight technology. The focus is on LCDs with LED backlight with local dimming. For images, the leakage of liquid crystal elements is the major defect restricting the local contrast of the display, and for high contrast images it results in dark parts looking grayish. Dimming of LED backlight may be used to attenuate leakage and improve contrast, leading to clipping. A model of an LCD with LED backlight with leakage and clipping is presented. With use of the point spread function of the backlight segments, edge-lit and direct backlight are modeled and calculated and applied in an image-dependent adaptive optimization of the backlight values. The model is extended temporally to video, where flicker presents a challenge. Further extended to stereo 3D images, the model also accounts for crosstalk. Finally, the 2D modeling and backlight optimization is applied to HDR image display on an HDR monitor.