Human fetal testis Leydig cell disruption by exposure to the pesticide dieldrin at low concentrations

Paul Alfred Francois Fowler, David Abramovich, Neva Elizabeth Haites, Phillip Cash, Nigel P. Groome, Ahmed Al-Qahtani, Tessa J. Murray, R.g. Lea

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44 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Declining human reproductive health over the last 60 years has been proposed to be due to effects of environmental chemicals, especially endocrine disrupting compounds, on fetal development. We investigated whether a model pesticide, dieldrin, at concentrations within both maternal circulation and environmental ranges (1 pmol/l = 0.0004 p.p.b. = 380.9 pg/l), could disrupt the human fetal testis. METHODS: Human fetal testes were collected during the second trimester, a critical period of male sexual differentiation (development and masculinization). Testis explants were cultured for 24 h in the presence and absence of LH (10-1000 IU LH/l) and dieldrin (1 pmol and 1 nmol/l). Endocrine, immunohistological and proteome characteristics of the tissues were investigated. RESULTS: Exposure to dieldrin reduced LH-induced testosterone secretion (P < 0.05) and tissue protein concentrations of LH receptor and steroid acute regulatory protein (P < 0.05). Dieldrin altered proteins associated with cancer, apoptosis, transcription and development. Wnt-2b was reduced 3-fold and immunolocalized to Leydig and Sertoli cells. Dieldrin also reversed some LH-induced changes in protein expression, supporting the conclusion that Leydig cell function is at risk from environmental chemicals. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that exposure to very low, biologically relevant, concentrations of environmental chemicals could affect the fetal human Leydig cell, reducing testosterone secretion and potentially leading to subtle dysregulation of reproductive development and adult fecundity.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2919-2927
Number of pages9
JournalHuman Reproduction
Volume22
Issue number11
Early online date11 Sept 2007
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Nov 2007

Keywords

  • human
  • fetal
  • testis
  • pesticide
  • endocrine disruption
  • estrogen-receptor-alpha
  • anti-Mullerian hormone
  • organochlorine pesticides
  • reproductive health
  • in-vitro
  • environmental estrogens
  • endocrine disruptors
  • oxidative stress
  • sewage-sludge
  • protein

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