Imposed rate and extent of weight loss in obese men and adaptive changes in resting and total energy expenditure

Mario Siervo; Peter Faber; Jose Lara; Eileen R Gibney; Eric Milne; Patrick Ritz; Gerald E Lobley; Marinos Elia; R. James Stubbs; Alexandra M. Johnstone

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2015.03.011

Imposed rate and extent of weight loss in obese men and adaptive changes in resting and total energy expenditure

Mario Siervo, Peter Faber, Jose Lara, Eileen R Gibney, Eric Milne, Patrick Ritz, Gerald E Lobley, Marinos Elia, R. James Stubbs, Alexandra M. Johnstone

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

21 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Weight loss (WL) is associated with a decrease in total and resting energy expenditure (EE). We aimed to investigate whether (1) diets with different rate and extent of WL determined different changes in total and resting EE and if (2) they influenced the level of adaptive thermogenesis, defined as the decline in total or resting EE not accounted by changes in body composition.

METHODS: Three groups of six, obese men participated in a total fast for 6days to achieve a 5% WL and a very low calorie (VLCD, 2.5MJ/day) for 3weeks or a low calorie (LCD, 5.2MJ/day) diet for 6weeks to achieve a 10% WL. A four-component model was used to measure body composition. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting EE. Total EE was measured by doubly labelled water (VLCD, LCD) and 24-hour whole-body calorimetry (fasting).

RESULTS: VLCD and LCD showed a similar degree of metabolic adaptation for total EE (VLCD=-6.2%; LCD=-6.8%). Metabolic adaptation for resting EE was greater in the LCD (-0.4MJ/day, -5.3%) compared to the VLCD (-0.1MJ/day, -1.4%) group. Resting EE did not decrease after short-term fasting and no evidence of adaptive thermogenesis (+0.4MJ/day) was found after 5% WL. The rate of WL was inversely associated with changes in resting EE (n=30, r=0.-42, p=0.01).

CONCLUSIONS: The rate of WL did not appear to influence the decline in total EE in obese men after 10% WL. Approximately 6% of this decline in total EE was explained by mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	896-904
Number of pages	9
Journal	Metabolism
Volume	64
Issue number	8
Early online date	8 Apr 2015
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2015.03.011
Publication status	Published - Aug 2015

Bibliographical note

Date of Acceptance: 17/03/2015

Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Acknowledgments
This work was supported by funding from Scottish Executive and a grant from Slimming World, Alfreton, UK.

Keywords

obesity
weight loss
energy expenditure
metabolic adaptation

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

@article{b60efb015124463d93b95079d23ce09c,

title = "Imposed rate and extent of weight loss in obese men and adaptive changes in resting and total energy expenditure",

abstract = "OBJECTIVES: Weight loss (WL) is associated with a decrease in total and resting energy expenditure (EE). We aimed to investigate whether (1) diets with different rate and extent of WL determined different changes in total and resting EE and if (2) they influenced the level of adaptive thermogenesis, defined as the decline in total or resting EE not accounted by changes in body composition.METHODS: Three groups of six, obese men participated in a total fast for 6days to achieve a 5% WL and a very low calorie (VLCD, 2.5MJ/day) for 3weeks or a low calorie (LCD, 5.2MJ/day) diet for 6weeks to achieve a 10% WL. A four-component model was used to measure body composition. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting EE. Total EE was measured by doubly labelled water (VLCD, LCD) and 24-hour whole-body calorimetry (fasting).RESULTS: VLCD and LCD showed a similar degree of metabolic adaptation for total EE (VLCD=-6.2%; LCD=-6.8%). Metabolic adaptation for resting EE was greater in the LCD (-0.4MJ/day, -5.3%) compared to the VLCD (-0.1MJ/day, -1.4%) group. Resting EE did not decrease after short-term fasting and no evidence of adaptive thermogenesis (+0.4MJ/day) was found after 5% WL. The rate of WL was inversely associated with changes in resting EE (n=30, r=0.-42, p=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The rate of WL did not appear to influence the decline in total EE in obese men after 10% WL. Approximately 6% of this decline in total EE was explained by mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis.",

keywords = "obesity , weight loss, energy expenditure, metabolic adaptation",

author = "Mario Siervo and Peter Faber and Jose Lara and Gibney, {Eileen R} and Eric Milne and Patrick Ritz and Lobley, {Gerald E} and Marinos Elia and Stubbs, {R. James} and Johnstone, {Alexandra M.}",

note = "Date of Acceptance: 17/03/2015 Copyright {\textcopyright} 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc. Acknowledgments This work was supported by funding from Scottish Executive and a grant from Slimming World, Alfreton, UK.",

year = "2015",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.metabol.2015.03.011",

language = "English",

volume = "64",

pages = "896--904",

journal = "Metabolism",

issn = "0026-0495",

publisher = "W.B. Saunders Ltd",

number = "8",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Imposed rate and extent of weight loss in obese men and adaptive changes in resting and total energy expenditure

AU - Siervo, Mario

AU - Faber, Peter

AU - Lara, Jose

AU - Gibney, Eileen R

AU - Milne, Eric

AU - Ritz, Patrick

AU - Lobley, Gerald E

AU - Elia, Marinos

AU - Stubbs, R. James

AU - Johnstone, Alexandra M.

N1 - Date of Acceptance: 17/03/2015 Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc. Acknowledgments This work was supported by funding from Scottish Executive and a grant from Slimming World, Alfreton, UK.

PY - 2015/8

Y1 - 2015/8

N2 - OBJECTIVES: Weight loss (WL) is associated with a decrease in total and resting energy expenditure (EE). We aimed to investigate whether (1) diets with different rate and extent of WL determined different changes in total and resting EE and if (2) they influenced the level of adaptive thermogenesis, defined as the decline in total or resting EE not accounted by changes in body composition.METHODS: Three groups of six, obese men participated in a total fast for 6days to achieve a 5% WL and a very low calorie (VLCD, 2.5MJ/day) for 3weeks or a low calorie (LCD, 5.2MJ/day) diet for 6weeks to achieve a 10% WL. A four-component model was used to measure body composition. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting EE. Total EE was measured by doubly labelled water (VLCD, LCD) and 24-hour whole-body calorimetry (fasting).RESULTS: VLCD and LCD showed a similar degree of metabolic adaptation for total EE (VLCD=-6.2%; LCD=-6.8%). Metabolic adaptation for resting EE was greater in the LCD (-0.4MJ/day, -5.3%) compared to the VLCD (-0.1MJ/day, -1.4%) group. Resting EE did not decrease after short-term fasting and no evidence of adaptive thermogenesis (+0.4MJ/day) was found after 5% WL. The rate of WL was inversely associated with changes in resting EE (n=30, r=0.-42, p=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The rate of WL did not appear to influence the decline in total EE in obese men after 10% WL. Approximately 6% of this decline in total EE was explained by mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis.

AB - OBJECTIVES: Weight loss (WL) is associated with a decrease in total and resting energy expenditure (EE). We aimed to investigate whether (1) diets with different rate and extent of WL determined different changes in total and resting EE and if (2) they influenced the level of adaptive thermogenesis, defined as the decline in total or resting EE not accounted by changes in body composition.METHODS: Three groups of six, obese men participated in a total fast for 6days to achieve a 5% WL and a very low calorie (VLCD, 2.5MJ/day) for 3weeks or a low calorie (LCD, 5.2MJ/day) diet for 6weeks to achieve a 10% WL. A four-component model was used to measure body composition. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting EE. Total EE was measured by doubly labelled water (VLCD, LCD) and 24-hour whole-body calorimetry (fasting).RESULTS: VLCD and LCD showed a similar degree of metabolic adaptation for total EE (VLCD=-6.2%; LCD=-6.8%). Metabolic adaptation for resting EE was greater in the LCD (-0.4MJ/day, -5.3%) compared to the VLCD (-0.1MJ/day, -1.4%) group. Resting EE did not decrease after short-term fasting and no evidence of adaptive thermogenesis (+0.4MJ/day) was found after 5% WL. The rate of WL was inversely associated with changes in resting EE (n=30, r=0.-42, p=0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The rate of WL did not appear to influence the decline in total EE in obese men after 10% WL. Approximately 6% of this decline in total EE was explained by mechanisms of adaptive thermogenesis.

KW - obesity

KW - weight loss

KW - energy expenditure

KW - metabolic adaptation

U2 - 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.03.011

DO - 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.03.011

M3 - Article

C2 - 25908563

SN - 0026-0495

VL - 64

SP - 896

EP - 904

JO - Metabolism

JF - Metabolism

IS - 8

ER -

Imposed rate and extent of weight loss in obese men and adaptive changes in resting and total energy expenditure

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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