Abstract
This paper analyzes how sanitation can be improved in the informal settlements of East African cities through a hybrid model. Qualitative research was carried out in eight settlements in three cities. Findings show that all cities apply a hybrid model (with some variation) when providing improved sanitation to their residents. Sanitation services were available in all cities, but there was no evidence of the state actively organizing a functioning sanitation market in Kampala or Kisumu. This implies that a hybrid model with a strong and committed developmental state is the right choice in the context of the informal settlements of East African cities.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 229-244 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | International Journal of Water Resources Development |
Volume | 34 |
Issue number | 2 |
Early online date | 11 Apr 2017 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Feb 2018 |
Keywords
- sanitation
- informal settlements
- East Africa
- market approach
- state-led approach