Incidence, characteristics and outcome of ICU acquired candidemia in India

Arunaloke Chakrabarti (Corresponding Author), Prashant Sood, Shivaprakash M. Rudramurthy, Sharon Chen, Harsimran Kaur, Malini Capoor, Deepinder Chhina, Ratna Rao, Vandana Kalwaje Eshwara, Immaculata Xess, Anupama J. Kindo, P Umabala, Jayanthi Savio, Atul Patel, Ujjwayini Ray, Sangeetha Mohan, Ranganathan Iyer, Jagdish Chander, Anita Arora, Raman SardanaIndranil Roy, B Appalaraju, Ajanta Sharma, Anjali Shetty, Neelam Khanna, Rungmei Marak, Sanjay Biswas, Shukla Das, BN Harish, Sangeeta Joshi, Deepak Mendiratta

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    4 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Purpose

    A systematic epidemiological study on intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired candidemia across India.

    Method

    A prospective, nationwide, multicentric, observational study was conducted at 27 Indian ICUs. Consecutive patients who acquired candidemia after ICU admission were enrolled during April 2011 through September 2012. Clinical and laboratory variables of these patients were recorded. The present study is an analysis of data specific for adult patients.

    Results

    Among 1,400 ICU-acquired candidemia cases (overall incidence of 6.51 cases/1,000 ICU admission), 65.2 % were adult. Though the study confirmed the already known risk factors for candidemia, the acquisition occurred early after admission to ICU (median 8 days; interquartile range 4–15 days), even infecting patients with lower APACHE II score at admission (median 17.0; mean ± SD 17.2 ± 5.9; interquartile range 14–20). The important finding of the study was the vast spectrum of agents (31 Candida species) causing candidemia and a high rate of isolation of Candida tropicalis (41.6 %). Azole and multidrug resistance were seen in 11.8 and 1.9 % of isolates. Public sector hospitals reported a significantly higher presence of the relatively resistant C. auris (8.2 vs. 3.9 %; p = 0.008) and C. rugosa (5.6 vs. 1.5 %; p = 0.001). The 30-day crude and attributable mortality rates of candidemia patients were 44.7 and 19.6 %, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant independent predictors of mortality including admission to public sector hospital, APACHE II score at admission, underlying renal failure, central venous catheterization and steroid therapy.

    Conclusion

    The study highlighted a high burden of candidemia in Indian ICUs, early onset after ICU admission, higher risk despite less severe physiology score at admission and a vast spectrum of agents causing the disease with predominance of C. tropicalis.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)285-295
    Number of pages11
    JournalIntensive Care Medicine
    Volume41
    Issue number2
    Early online date16 Dec 2014
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 1 Feb 2015

    Keywords

    • Candidemia
    • Intensive care unit
    • Candida tropicalis
    • Risk factor
    • Mortality

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