Increased risk of stomach and esophageal malignancies in people with AIDS

E. Christina Persson, Meredith S. Shiels, Sanford M. Dawsey, Kishor Bhatia, Lesley A. Anderson, Eric A. Engels

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

26 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: People infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased risk of some malignancies, but little is known about the effects of infection on risk of cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated the risks of different histologic and anatomic subtypes of carcinomas and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) of the stomach and esophagus in people with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: We analyzed data from the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match Study, which links data collected from 1980 to 2007 for 16 US population-based HIV and AIDS and cancer registries. We compared risks of stomach and esophageal malignancies in people with AIDS (N = 596,955) with those of the general population using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). We assessed calendar trends using Poisson regression. RESULTS: People with AIDS had increased risks of carcinomas of the esophagus (SIR, 1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-2.07; n = 95) and stomach (SIR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.17-1.76; n = 96). Risk was increased for esophageal adenocarcinoma (SIR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.31-2.70) and squamous cell carcinoma (SIR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.10-1.92). People with AIDS had greater risks of carcinomas of the gastric cardia (SIR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.83-2.11) and noncardia (SIR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.05) than the general population. Although most stomach and esophageal NHLs that developed in people with AIDS were diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, these individuals also had an increased risk of stomach mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (SIR, 5.99; 95% CI, 3.19-10.2; n = 13). The incidence of carcinomas remained fairly constant over time, but rates of NHL decreased from 1980 to 2007 (Ptrend <.0001).CONCLUSIONS: People with AIDS are at increased risk for developing esophageal and stomach carcinomas and NHLs. Although the incidence of NHL decreased from 1980 to 2007 as treatments for HIV infection improved, HIV-infected individuals face continued risks of esophageal and stomach carcinomas.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)943–950
Number of pages8
JournalGastroenterology
Volume143
Issue number4
Early online date14 Jul 2012
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Oct 2012

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments
The authors thank the HIV/AIDS and cancer registries in the following regions for participating in the HIV/AIDS Cancer Match study: the states of Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, and Texas and the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Francisco (California), Washington, DC, New York City (New York), and Seattle
(Washington).
Part of this work was previously presented at the American Association for Cancer Research 102nd Annual Meeting; April 2– 6, 2011; Orlando, Florida.

Funding
Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and Department of Health and Human Services grant Z01 CP010150-12.

Keywords

  • MALT Lymphoma
  • Epidemiology
  • Virus-Associated Cancers
  • Immunosuppression

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