Inter-comparison of hydro-climatic regimes across northern catchments: Synchronicity, resistance and resilience

Sean K. Carey, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Jan Seibert, Christopher Soulsby, Jim Buttle, Hjalmar Laudon, Jeff McDonnell, Kevin McGuire, Daniel Caissie, Jamie Shanley, Mike Kennedy, Kevin Devito, John W. Pomeroy

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

98 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The higher mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere are particularly sensitive to climate change as small differences in temperature determine frozen ground status, precipitation phase, and the magnitude and timing of snow accumulation and melt. An international inter-catchment comparison program, North-Watch, seeks to improve our understanding of the sensitivity of northern catchments to climate change by examining their hydrological and biogeochemical responses. The catchments are located in Sweden (Krycklan), Scotland (Mharcaidh, Girnock and Strontian), the United States (Sleepers River, Hubbard Brook and HJ Andrews) and Canada (Catamaran, Dorset and Wolf Creek). This briefing presents the initial stage of the North-Watch program, which focuses on how these catchments collect, store and release water and identify 'types' of hydro-climatic catchment response. At most sites, a 10-year data of daily precipitation, discharge and temperature were compiled and evaporation and storage were calculated. Inter-annual and seasonal patterns of hydrological processes were assessed via normalized fluxes and standard flow metrics. At the annual-scale, relations between temperature, precipitation and discharge were compared, highlighting the role of seasonality, wetness and snow/frozen ground. The seasonal pattern and synchronicity of fluxes at the monthly scale provided insight into system memory and the role of storage. We identified types of catchments that rapidly translate precipitation into runoff and others that more readily store water for delayed release. Synchronicity and variance of rainfall-runoff patterns were characterized by the coefficient of variation (cv) of monthly fluxes and correlation coefficients. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed clustering among like catchments in terms of functioning, largely controlled by two components that (i) reflect temperature and precipitation gradients and the correlation of monthly precipitation and discharge and (ii) the seasonality of precipitation and storage. By advancing the ecological concepts of resistance and resilience for catchment functioning, results provided a conceptual framework for understanding susceptibility to hydrological change across northern catchments.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3591-3602
Number of pages12
JournalHydrological Processes
Volume24
Issue number24
Early online date21 Oct 2010
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 29 Nov 2010

Keywords

  • catchment inter-comparison
  • water balance
  • northern temperate regions
  • functional traits
  • catchment classification
  • hemisphere snow cover
  • shallow groundwater
  • runoff processes
  • water-balance
  • variability
  • streamflow
  • classification
  • connectivity
  • indexes
  • basins

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