Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion

Rachael Y Dudaniec; Alexander R Carey; Erik I Svensson; Bengt Hansson; Chuan Ji Yong; Lesley T Lancaster

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13488

Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion

Rachael Y Dudaniec^* (Corresponding Author), Alexander R Carey, Erik I Svensson, Bengt Hansson, Chuan Ji Yong, Lesley T Lancaster

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aberdeen Centre For Environmental Sustainability

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

1. Range expansions can be shaped by sex differences in behaviours and other phenotypic traits affecting dispersal and reproduction. 2. Here, we investigate sex differences in morphology, behaviour and genomic population differentiation along a climate-mediated range expansion in the common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans) in northern Europe. 3. We sampled 65 sites along a 583 km gradient spanning the I. elegans range in Sweden and quantified latitudinal gradients in site relative abundance, sex ratio and sex-specific shifts in body size and mating status (a measure of sexual selection). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 426 individuals from 25 sites, we further investigated sex-specific landscape and climatic effects on neutral genetic connectivity and migration patterns. 4. We found evidence for sex differences associated with the I. elegans range expansion, namely (1) increased male body size with latitude, but no latitudinal effect on female body size, resulting in reduced sexual dimorphism towards the range limit, (2) a steeper decline in male genetic similarity with increasing geographic distance than in females, (3) male-biased genetic migration propensity, and (4) a latitudinal cline in migration distance (increasing migratory distances towards the range margin), which was stronger in males. Cooler mean annual temperatures towards the range limit were associated with increased resistance to gene flow in both sexes. Sex ratios became increasingly male-biased towards the range limit, and there was evidence for a changed sexual selection regime shifting from favouring larger males in the south, to favouring smaller males in the north. 5. Our findings suggest sex-specific spatial phenotype sorting at the range limit, where larger males disperse more under higher landscape resistance associated with cooler climates. The combination of latitudinal gradients in sex-biased dispersal, increasing male body size, and (reduced) sexual size dimorphism should have emergent consequences for sexual selection dynamics and the mating system at the expanding range front. Our study illustrates the importance of considering sex differences in the study of range expansions driven by ongoing climate change.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1104-1118
Number of pages	15
Journal	Journal of Animal Ecology
Volume	91
Issue number	6
Early online date	21 Apr 2021
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13488
Publication status	Published - Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Macquarie University (to AC, RYD), an EU FP7, Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship (to RYD, BH; project code ‘MOVE2ADAPT’), a WennerGren Foundation Postdoctoral Stipend (to RYD, BH), the Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation (to RYD, BH), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate (BECC; a joint LundGothenburg University initiative) (to LL, BH), the Swedish Research Council (to EIS, BH (2014-5222, 2016-689)), the Crafoord Foundation, “Stina Werners Stiftelse” and “Erik Philip Sörensens Stiftelse” (to EIS). We thank Hanna Bensch, John Waller, Paul Caplat and Martin Andersson for field and lab assistance, the Grimsö Research Station and Mikael Åkesson for field support and
Sonu Yadav for analysis advice. We thank Julian Catchen, Martin Stervander and Dag Ahren for bioinformatics advice and Maren Wellenreuther for helpful discussion.

Keywords

climate change
Insects
Ischnura elegans
landscape genetics
range expansion
sexual selection
sexual size dimorphism
temperature
insect

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Dudanie_etal_JAE_Latitudinal_Clines_In_AAM
This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Dudaniec, RY, Carey, AR, Svensson, EI, Hansson, B, Yong, CJ, Lancaster, LT. Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion. J Anim Ecol. 2022; 91: 1104– 1118., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13488. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Accepted author manuscript, 1.78 MBLicence: Unspecified

Cite this

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title = "Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion",

abstract = "1. Range expansions can be shaped by sex differences in behaviours and other phenotypic traits affecting dispersal and reproduction. 2. Here, we investigate sex differences in morphology, behaviour and genomic population differentiation along a climate-mediated range expansion in the common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans) in northern Europe. 3. We sampled 65 sites along a 583 km gradient spanning the I. elegans range in Sweden and quantified latitudinal gradients in site relative abundance, sex ratio and sex-specific shifts in body size and mating status (a measure of sexual selection). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 426 individuals from 25 sites, we further investigated sex-specific landscape and climatic effects on neutral genetic connectivity and migration patterns. 4. We found evidence for sex differences associated with the I. elegans range expansion, namely (1) increased male body size with latitude, but no latitudinal effect on female body size, resulting in reduced sexual dimorphism towards the range limit, (2) a steeper decline in male genetic similarity with increasing geographic distance than in females, (3) male-biased genetic migration propensity, and (4) a latitudinal cline in migration distance (increasing migratory distances towards the range margin), which was stronger in males. Cooler mean annual temperatures towards the range limit were associated with increased resistance to gene flow in both sexes. Sex ratios became increasingly male-biased towards the range limit, and there was evidence for a changed sexual selection regime shifting from favouring larger males in the south, to favouring smaller males in the north. 5. Our findings suggest sex-specific spatial phenotype sorting at the range limit, where larger males disperse more under higher landscape resistance associated with cooler climates. The combination of latitudinal gradients in sex-biased dispersal, increasing male body size, and (reduced) sexual size dimorphism should have emergent consequences for sexual selection dynamics and the mating system at the expanding range front. Our study illustrates the importance of considering sex differences in the study of range expansions driven by ongoing climate change.",

keywords = "climate change, Insects, Ischnura elegans, landscape genetics, range expansion, sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, temperature, insect",

author = "Dudaniec, {Rachael Y} and Carey, {Alexander R} and Svensson, {Erik I} and Bengt Hansson and Yong, {Chuan Ji} and Lancaster, {Lesley T}",

note = "Acknowledgements This work was supported by Macquarie University (to AC, RYD), an EU FP7, Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship (to RYD, BH; project code {\textquoteleft}MOVE2ADAPT{\textquoteright}), a WennerGren Foundation Postdoctoral Stipend (to RYD, BH), the Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation (to RYD, BH), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate (BECC; a joint LundGothenburg University initiative) (to LL, BH), the Swedish Research Council (to EIS, BH (2014-5222, 2016-689)), the Crafoord Foundation, “Stina Werners Stiftelse” and “Erik Philip S{\"o}rensens Stiftelse” (to EIS). We thank Hanna Bensch, John Waller, Paul Caplat and Martin Andersson for field and lab assistance, the Grims{\"o} Research Station and Mikael {\AA}kesson for field support and Sonu Yadav for analysis advice. We thank Julian Catchen, Martin Stervander and Dag Ahren for bioinformatics advice and Maren Wellenreuther for helpful discussion. ",

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language = "English",

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journal = "Journal of Animal Ecology",

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T1 - Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion

AU - Dudaniec, Rachael Y

AU - Carey, Alexander R

AU - Svensson, Erik I

AU - Hansson, Bengt

AU - Yong, Chuan Ji

AU - Lancaster, Lesley T

N1 - Acknowledgements This work was supported by Macquarie University (to AC, RYD), an EU FP7, Marie Curie International Incoming Fellowship (to RYD, BH; project code ‘MOVE2ADAPT’), a WennerGren Foundation Postdoctoral Stipend (to RYD, BH), the Oscar and Lili Lamm Foundation (to RYD, BH), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Climate (BECC; a joint LundGothenburg University initiative) (to LL, BH), the Swedish Research Council (to EIS, BH (2014-5222, 2016-689)), the Crafoord Foundation, “Stina Werners Stiftelse” and “Erik Philip Sörensens Stiftelse” (to EIS). We thank Hanna Bensch, John Waller, Paul Caplat and Martin Andersson for field and lab assistance, the Grimsö Research Station and Mikael Åkesson for field support and Sonu Yadav for analysis advice. We thank Julian Catchen, Martin Stervander and Dag Ahren for bioinformatics advice and Maren Wellenreuther for helpful discussion.

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N2 - 1. Range expansions can be shaped by sex differences in behaviours and other phenotypic traits affecting dispersal and reproduction. 2. Here, we investigate sex differences in morphology, behaviour and genomic population differentiation along a climate-mediated range expansion in the common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans) in northern Europe. 3. We sampled 65 sites along a 583 km gradient spanning the I. elegans range in Sweden and quantified latitudinal gradients in site relative abundance, sex ratio and sex-specific shifts in body size and mating status (a measure of sexual selection). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 426 individuals from 25 sites, we further investigated sex-specific landscape and climatic effects on neutral genetic connectivity and migration patterns. 4. We found evidence for sex differences associated with the I. elegans range expansion, namely (1) increased male body size with latitude, but no latitudinal effect on female body size, resulting in reduced sexual dimorphism towards the range limit, (2) a steeper decline in male genetic similarity with increasing geographic distance than in females, (3) male-biased genetic migration propensity, and (4) a latitudinal cline in migration distance (increasing migratory distances towards the range margin), which was stronger in males. Cooler mean annual temperatures towards the range limit were associated with increased resistance to gene flow in both sexes. Sex ratios became increasingly male-biased towards the range limit, and there was evidence for a changed sexual selection regime shifting from favouring larger males in the south, to favouring smaller males in the north. 5. Our findings suggest sex-specific spatial phenotype sorting at the range limit, where larger males disperse more under higher landscape resistance associated with cooler climates. The combination of latitudinal gradients in sex-biased dispersal, increasing male body size, and (reduced) sexual size dimorphism should have emergent consequences for sexual selection dynamics and the mating system at the expanding range front. Our study illustrates the importance of considering sex differences in the study of range expansions driven by ongoing climate change.

AB - 1. Range expansions can be shaped by sex differences in behaviours and other phenotypic traits affecting dispersal and reproduction. 2. Here, we investigate sex differences in morphology, behaviour and genomic population differentiation along a climate-mediated range expansion in the common bluetail damselfly (Ischnura elegans) in northern Europe. 3. We sampled 65 sites along a 583 km gradient spanning the I. elegans range in Sweden and quantified latitudinal gradients in site relative abundance, sex ratio and sex-specific shifts in body size and mating status (a measure of sexual selection). Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data for 426 individuals from 25 sites, we further investigated sex-specific landscape and climatic effects on neutral genetic connectivity and migration patterns. 4. We found evidence for sex differences associated with the I. elegans range expansion, namely (1) increased male body size with latitude, but no latitudinal effect on female body size, resulting in reduced sexual dimorphism towards the range limit, (2) a steeper decline in male genetic similarity with increasing geographic distance than in females, (3) male-biased genetic migration propensity, and (4) a latitudinal cline in migration distance (increasing migratory distances towards the range margin), which was stronger in males. Cooler mean annual temperatures towards the range limit were associated with increased resistance to gene flow in both sexes. Sex ratios became increasingly male-biased towards the range limit, and there was evidence for a changed sexual selection regime shifting from favouring larger males in the south, to favouring smaller males in the north. 5. Our findings suggest sex-specific spatial phenotype sorting at the range limit, where larger males disperse more under higher landscape resistance associated with cooler climates. The combination of latitudinal gradients in sex-biased dispersal, increasing male body size, and (reduced) sexual size dimorphism should have emergent consequences for sexual selection dynamics and the mating system at the expanding range front. Our study illustrates the importance of considering sex differences in the study of range expansions driven by ongoing climate change.

KW - climate change

KW - Insects

KW - Ischnura elegans

KW - landscape genetics

KW - range expansion

KW - sexual selection

KW - sexual size dimorphism

KW - temperature

KW - insect

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U2 - 10.1111/1365-2656.13488

DO - 10.1111/1365-2656.13488

M3 - Article

C2 - 33759189

SN - 0021-8790

VL - 91

SP - 1104

EP - 1118

JO - Journal of Animal Ecology

JF - Journal of Animal Ecology

IS - 6

ER -

Latitudinal clines in sexual selection, sexual size dimorphism, and sex-specific genetic dispersal during a poleward range expansion

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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