Long-term Effectiveness of Adjuvant Treatment With Catechol-O-Methyltransferase or Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors Compared With Dopamine Agonists Among Patients With Parkinson Disease Uncontrolled by Levodopa Therapy: The PD MED Randomized Clinical Trial

Richard Gray, Smitaa Patel, Natalie Ives* (Corresponding Author), Caroline Rick, Rebecca Woolley, Sharon Muzerengi, Alastair Gray, Crispin Jenkinson, Emma McIntosh, Keith Wheatley, Adrian Williams, C. E. Clarke, PD MED Collaborative Group

*Corresponding author for this work

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Abstract

Many people with Parkinson disease (PD) develop motor complications that are uncontrolled by levodopa dose adjustment. Among these patients, it is uncertain which drug class is more effective as adjuvant therapy.To compare the long-term effects on patient-rated quality of life of adding a dopamine agonist vs a dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI), either a monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitor or a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, to levodopa therapy for the treatment of patients with motor complications of PD.This pragmatic semifactorial (2 × 1) randomized clinical trial recruited from 64 neurology and geriatric clinics (62 in the United Kingdom, 1 in the Czech Republic, and 1 in Russia) between February 23, 2001, and December 15, 2009. A total of 500 patients with idiopathic PD who developed uncontrolled motor complications and did not have dementia were randomly assigned on a 1:1:1 basis using a computerized minimization program. Data were analyzed between 2017 and 2020.Open-label dopamine agonist, MAO-B inhibitor, or COMT inhibitor.Primary outcomes were scores on the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) mobility domain and cost-effectiveness. Outcomes were assessed before study entry, at 6 and 12 months after randomization, and annually thereafter. Repeated-measures and log rank analyses were used in an intention-to-treat approach.Among 500 participants, the mean (SD) age was 73.0 (8.2) years; 314 participants (62.8\ were men. Over a median of 4.5 years (range, 0-13.3 years) of follow-up, the participants in the dopamine agonist group had a mean PDQ-39 mobility score that was 2.4 points (95\ −1.3 to 6.0 points) better than that of the combined MAO-B and COMT groups; however, this difference was not significant (P=.20). With regard to DRIs, participants in the MAO-B group had mean PDQ-39 mobility scores that were 4.2 points (95\ 0.4-7.9 points; P=.03) better than those of the COMT group and EuroQol 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) utility scores that were 0.05 points (95\ 0.003-0.09 points; P=.04) better than the COMT group. Nonsignificant improvements were found in the PDQ-39 summary index (mean difference, 2.2 points; 95\ −0.2 to 4.5 points; P=.07) along with nonsignificant reductions in dementia (rate ratio [RR], 0.70; 95\ 0.47-1.03; P = .07) and mortality (RR, 0.76; 95\ 0.56-1.03; P=.07). When dopamine agonists were compared with MAO-B inhibitors only, the outcomes were similar.In this study, patient-rated quality of life was inferior when COMT inhibitors were used as adjuvant treatment compared with MAO-B inhibitors or dopamine agonists among people with PD who experienced motor complications that were uncontrolled by levodopa therapy. The MAO-B inhibitors produced equivalent disease control, suggesting that these agents may be underused as adjuvant therapy.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN69812316; EU Clinical Trials Register Identifier: 2005-001813-16
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)131-140
Number of pages19
JournalJAMA Neurology
Volume79
Issue number2
Early online date8 Dec 2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 28 Dec 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding/Support: The PD MED clinical trial was supported by funding from the Health Technology Assessment Programme of the UK National Institute for Health Research (project number 98/03/02), the UK Department of Health through March 2012 (University of Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, supporting the salaries of Mss Ives and Patel), the UK Medical Research Council (Mr R. Gray), and Parkinson’s UK (Dr McIntosh).
We thank all of the patients who agreed to enter the study, the many investigators who also contributed to the clinical trial, and NHS Digital, which provided data on mortality and data from the Hospital Episodes Statistics database. The investigators received no payment or other compensation for taking part in the PD MED clinical trial.

Data Availability Statement

See Supplement 4.

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