Long term temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Scottish soils

Z. L. Zhang; C. Leith; S. M. Rhind; C. Kerr; M. Osprey; C. Kyle; M. Coull; C. Thomson; G. Green; L. Maderova; C. McKenzie

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.029

Long term temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Scottish soils

Z. L. Zhang^* (Corresponding Author), C. Leith, S. M. Rhind, C. Kerr, M. Osprey, C. Kyle, M. Coull, C. Thomson, G. Green, L. Maderova, C. McKenzie

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Long term changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in soil from four transects across Scotland were measured in three surveys conducted between 1990 and 2007-9. Overall PCB level declined during this period (22.5 to 4.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001) but PBDEs increased (0.68 to 2.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001), reflecting the ban on PCB use in the 1980s while PBDE use increased until about 2004 when the use of penta-mix congener ceased in Europe. The proportion of lighter PCB congeners (28. +. 52) present declined (. p<. 0.001) primarily between 1990 and 1999. However, the proportion of lighter PBDE congeners (47. +. 99) in the soil samples increased (. p<. 0.01) from 1990 to 1999 and declined (. p<. 0.001) thereafter, probably reflecting the introduction of legislation banning penta-BDE products and the degradation of lighter congeners and their translocation. PCBs were slightly higher in two southernmost transects but PBDE concentrations were significantly higher (. p<. 0.001) in the two southern transects than in the two northern transects. This may reflect proximity to areas of high population and industrial activity. It is concluded that temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of PCBs and PBDEs reflect geography, physical processes and legislation.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	158-164
Number of pages	7
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	468-469
Early online date	6 Sept 2013
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.029
Publication status	Published - 15 Jan 2014

Bibliographical note

Special thanks go to the soil sampling team of James Hutton Institute. The assistance of Betty Duff of BioSS with the statistical analyses of the data is gratefully acknowledged. This work was funded by the Scottish Governments' Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate.

Keywords

PBDEs
PCBs
Scotland
Soil
Spatial distribution
Temporal trend

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Zhang, Z. L., Leith, C., Rhind, S. M., Kerr, C., Osprey, M., Kyle, C., Coull, M., Thomson, C., Green, G., Maderova, L., & McKenzie, C. (2014). Long term temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Scottish soils. Science of the Total Environment, 468-469, 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.029

Zhang, ZL, Leith, C, Rhind, SM, Kerr, C, Osprey, M, Kyle, C, Coull, M, Thomson, C, Green, G, Maderova, L & McKenzie, C 2014, 'Long term temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Scottish soils', Science of the Total Environment, vol. 468-469, pp. 158-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.029

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abstract = "Long term changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in soil from four transects across Scotland were measured in three surveys conducted between 1990 and 2007-9. Overall PCB level declined during this period (22.5 to 4.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001) but PBDEs increased (0.68 to 2.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001), reflecting the ban on PCB use in the 1980s while PBDE use increased until about 2004 when the use of penta-mix congener ceased in Europe. The proportion of lighter PCB congeners (28. +. 52) present declined (. p<. 0.001) primarily between 1990 and 1999. However, the proportion of lighter PBDE congeners (47. +. 99) in the soil samples increased (. p<. 0.01) from 1990 to 1999 and declined (. p<. 0.001) thereafter, probably reflecting the introduction of legislation banning penta-BDE products and the degradation of lighter congeners and their translocation. PCBs were slightly higher in two southernmost transects but PBDE concentrations were significantly higher (. p<. 0.001) in the two southern transects than in the two northern transects. This may reflect proximity to areas of high population and industrial activity. It is concluded that temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of PCBs and PBDEs reflect geography, physical processes and legislation.",

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AU - Zhang, Z. L.

AU - Leith, C.

AU - Rhind, S. M.

AU - Kerr, C.

AU - Osprey, M.

AU - Kyle, C.

AU - Coull, M.

AU - Thomson, C.

AU - Green, G.

AU - Maderova, L.

AU - McKenzie, C.

N1 - Special thanks go to the soil sampling team of James Hutton Institute. The assistance of Betty Duff of BioSS with the statistical analyses of the data is gratefully acknowledged. This work was funded by the Scottish Governments' Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate.

PY - 2014/1/15

Y1 - 2014/1/15

N2 - Long term changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in soil from four transects across Scotland were measured in three surveys conducted between 1990 and 2007-9. Overall PCB level declined during this period (22.5 to 4.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001) but PBDEs increased (0.68 to 2.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001), reflecting the ban on PCB use in the 1980s while PBDE use increased until about 2004 when the use of penta-mix congener ceased in Europe. The proportion of lighter PCB congeners (28. +. 52) present declined (. p<. 0.001) primarily between 1990 and 1999. However, the proportion of lighter PBDE congeners (47. +. 99) in the soil samples increased (. p<. 0.01) from 1990 to 1999 and declined (. p<. 0.001) thereafter, probably reflecting the introduction of legislation banning penta-BDE products and the degradation of lighter congeners and their translocation. PCBs were slightly higher in two southernmost transects but PBDE concentrations were significantly higher (. p<. 0.001) in the two southern transects than in the two northern transects. This may reflect proximity to areas of high population and industrial activity. It is concluded that temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of PCBs and PBDEs reflect geography, physical processes and legislation.

AB - Long term changes in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in soil from four transects across Scotland were measured in three surveys conducted between 1990 and 2007-9. Overall PCB level declined during this period (22.5 to 4.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001) but PBDEs increased (0.68 to 2.55. ng/g, p<. 0.001), reflecting the ban on PCB use in the 1980s while PBDE use increased until about 2004 when the use of penta-mix congener ceased in Europe. The proportion of lighter PCB congeners (28. +. 52) present declined (. p<. 0.001) primarily between 1990 and 1999. However, the proportion of lighter PBDE congeners (47. +. 99) in the soil samples increased (. p<. 0.01) from 1990 to 1999 and declined (. p<. 0.001) thereafter, probably reflecting the introduction of legislation banning penta-BDE products and the degradation of lighter congeners and their translocation. PCBs were slightly higher in two southernmost transects but PBDE concentrations were significantly higher (. p<. 0.001) in the two southern transects than in the two northern transects. This may reflect proximity to areas of high population and industrial activity. It is concluded that temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of PCBs and PBDEs reflect geography, physical processes and legislation.

KW - PBDEs

KW - PCBs

KW - Scotland

KW - Soil

KW - Spatial distribution

KW - Temporal trend

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SN - 0048-9697

VL - 468-469

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JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

ER -

Long term temporal and spatial changes in the distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Scottish soils

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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