Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students in a clinical workplace environment: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the clinical workplace learning NAQ-R scale

Kelby Smith-Han; Emma Collins; Mustafa Asil; Althea Gamble Blakey; Lynley Anderson; Elizabeth Berryman; Tim J Wilkinson

doi:10.1080/0142159X.2020.1746249

Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students in a clinical workplace environment: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the clinical workplace learning NAQ-R scale

Kelby Smith-Han (Corresponding Author), Emma Collins, Mustafa Asil, Althea Gamble Blakey, Lynley Anderson, Elizabeth Berryman, Tim J Wilkinson

Medical Education

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

10 Citations (Scopus)

4 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background: Instruments that measure exposure to bullying and harassment of students learning in a clinical workplace environment (CWE) that contain validity evidence are scarce. The aim of this study was to develop such a measure and provide some validity evidence for its use.Method: We took an instrument for detecting bullying of employees in the workplace, called the Negative Acts Questionnaire - Revised (NAQ-R). Items on the NAQ-R were adapted to align with our context of health professional students learning in a CWE and added two new factors of sexual and ethnic harassment. This new instrument, named the Clinical Workplace Learning NAQ-R, was distributed to 540 medical and nursing undergraduate students and we undertook a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to investigate its construct validity and factorial structure.Results: The results provided support for the construct validity and factorial structure of the new scale comprising five factors: workplace learning-related bullying (WLRB), person-related bullying (PRB), physically intimidating bullying (PIB), sexual harassment (SH), and ethnic harassment (EH). The reliability estimates for all factors ranged from 0.79 to 0.94.Conclusion: This study provides a tool to measure the exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students learning in a CWE.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	813-821
Number of pages	9
Journal	Medical Teacher
Volume	42
Issue number	7
Early online date	14 Apr 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1746249
Publication status	Published - Dec 2020

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank all of the Associate Deans of Medical Education for Otago Medical School who assisted with the data collection for this questionnaire, as well as Faculty in The School of Nursing at Otago Polytechnic. We would also like to thank Dr Ella Iosua and Michel de Lange for their initial advice on the analysis of this paper. We would also like to thank the students for their time and effort in completing this questionnaire.

Keywords

Education environment
undergraduate
work-based

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This is the Author’s Original Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Medical Teacher on 14 April 2020, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1746249
Accepted author manuscript, 291 KBLicence: Unspecified

Cite this

Smith-Han, K., Collins, E., Asil, M., Blakey, A. G., Anderson, L., Berryman, E., & Wilkinson, T. J. (2020). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students in a clinical workplace environment: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the clinical workplace learning NAQ-R scale. Medical Teacher, 42(7), 813-821. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1746249

Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students in a clinical workplace environment: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the clinical workplace learning NAQ-R scale. / Smith-Han, Kelby (Corresponding Author); Collins, Emma; Asil, Mustafa et al.
In: Medical Teacher, Vol. 42, No. 7, 12.2020, p. 813-821.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Smith-Han, K, Collins, E, Asil, M, Blakey, AG, Anderson, L, Berryman, E & Wilkinson, TJ 2020, 'Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students in a clinical workplace environment: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the clinical workplace learning NAQ-R scale', Medical Teacher, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 813-821. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1746249

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abstract = "Background: Instruments that measure exposure to bullying and harassment of students learning in a clinical workplace environment (CWE) that contain validity evidence are scarce. The aim of this study was to develop such a measure and provide some validity evidence for its use.Method: We took an instrument for detecting bullying of employees in the workplace, called the Negative Acts Questionnaire - Revised (NAQ-R). Items on the NAQ-R were adapted to align with our context of health professional students learning in a CWE and added two new factors of sexual and ethnic harassment. This new instrument, named the Clinical Workplace Learning NAQ-R, was distributed to 540 medical and nursing undergraduate students and we undertook a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to investigate its construct validity and factorial structure.Results: The results provided support for the construct validity and factorial structure of the new scale comprising five factors: workplace learning-related bullying (WLRB), person-related bullying (PRB), physically intimidating bullying (PIB), sexual harassment (SH), and ethnic harassment (EH). The reliability estimates for all factors ranged from 0.79 to 0.94.Conclusion: This study provides a tool to measure the exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students learning in a CWE.",

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Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment in health professional students in a clinical workplace environment: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the clinical workplace learning NAQ-R scale

Abstract

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Keywords

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