Abstract
Technological developments over the last 20 years have meant that telemetry studies have used a variety of techniques, each with different levels of accuracy and temporal resolution. This presents a challenge when combining data from these different tracking systems to obtain larger sample sizes or to compare habitat use over time. In this study, we used a Bayesian state-space modelling approach to integrate tracking data from multiple tag types and standardise position estimates while accounting for location error. Harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) telemetry data for the Moray Firth, Scotland, were collated from three tag types: VHF, Argos satellite and GPS–GSM. Tags were deployed on 37 seals during 1989 to 2009 resulting in 37 tracks with a total of 2886 tracking days and a mean duration of 87 days per track. A state-space model was applied to all of the raw tracks to provide daily position estimates and a measure of the uncertainty for each position. We used this standardised tracking dataset to model their habitat use and preference, which was then scaled by the population size estimated from haul-out counts to give an estimate of the absolute number of harbour seals using different parts of the Moray Firth. As expected for a central place forager, harbour seals most frequently occurred in areas close to their inshore haul-out sites. However, our analyses also demonstrated consistent use of offshore foraging grounds, typically within 30 km of haul-out sites in waters < 50 m deep. The use of these statistical models to integrate and compare different datasets is especially important for assessing longer-term responses to environmental variation and anthropogenic activities, allowing management advice to be based upon datasets that integrate information from all available tracking technologies.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 30-39 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |
Volume | 450 |
Early online date | 4 Dec 2013 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Jan 2014 |
Bibliographical note
We would like to thank the Scottish Government, the Scottish Officeand the DECC SEA programme for supporting the collection of data used
in this study, and the many colleagues who carried out the original
capture, tagging and tracking studies. Particular thanks to Ruth Sharples
and Line Cordes for access to the data and for useful discussion about the
work. Thanks to Kate Brookes for her assistance in formatting the
environmental data. These analyses were funded by Moray Offshore
Renewables Ltd. and Beatrice Offshore Wind Ltd. to support Environmental
Statements for their wind farm consent applications.
Keywords
- Density
- Habitat preference model
- Phoca vitulina
- Spatial ecology
- State-space model
- Telemetry