Multiyear social stability and social information use in reef sharks with diel fission–fusion dynamics

Yannis P. Papastamatiou; Thomas W. Bodey; Jennifer E. Caselle; Darcy Bradley; Robin  Freeman; Alan M. Friedlander; David M.P. Jacoby

doi:10.1098/rspb.2020.1063

Multiyear social stability and social information use in reef sharks with diel fission–fusion dynamics

Yannis P. Papastamatiou^* (Corresponding Author), Thomas W. Bodey, Jennifer E. Caselle, Darcy Bradley, Robin Freeman, Alan M. Friedlander, David M.P. Jacoby^* (Corresponding Author)

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aberdeen Centre For Environmental Sustainability

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

22 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

Animals across vertebrate taxa form social communities and often exist as fission–fusion groups. Central place foragers (CPF) may form groups from which they will predictably disperse to forage, either individually or in smaller groups, before returning to fuse with the larger group. However, the function and stability of social associations in predatory fish acting as CPFs is unknown, as individuals do not need to return to a shelter yet show fidelity to core areas. Using dynamic social networks generated from acoustic tracking data, we document spatially structured sociality in CPF grey reef sharks at a Pacific Ocean atoll. We show that sharks form stable social groups over multiyear periods, with some dyadic associations consistent for up to 4 years. Groups primarily formed during the day, increasing in size throughout the morning before sharks dispersed from the reef at night. Our simulations suggest that multiple individuals sharing a central place and using social information while foraging (i.e. local enhancement) will outperform non-CPF social foragers. We show multiyear social stability in sharks and suggest that social foraging with information transfer could provide a generalizable mechanism for the emergence of sociality with group central place foraging.

Original language	English
Article number	20201063.
Number of pages	9
Journal	Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences
Volume	287
Issue number	1932
Early online date	12 Aug 2020
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1063
Publication status	Published - 12 Aug 2020

Bibliographical note

Funding:
Field research at Palmyra was supported by funds from the Marisla Foundation. D.M.P.J. was supported by the Bertarelli Foundation and the project contributed to the Bertarelli Programme in Marine Science.
Acknowledgements: We thank K. Davis, P. Carlson, C. Lowe, and K. Weng for assistance with fieldwork, the staff of The Nature royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb Proc. R. Soc. B 287: 20201063
Conservancy that run the research station at Palmyra, and USFWS. We thank Y. Watanabe for providing camera data-loggers used in the study. Finally we thank the reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. We declare that no authors have any conflicts of interest. This is contribution no. 156 from the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). This is contribution no. 206 from the Coastlines and Oceans Division of the Institute of Environment at Florida International University

Keywords

social network
local enhancement
central place foraging
shark
grey reef sharks
Sharks/physiology
Animals
Social Behavior
Ecosystem
Acoustics
Pacific Ocean
Coral Reefs

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Multiyear social stability and social information use in reef sharks with diel fission–fusion dynamics. / Papastamatiou, Yannis P. (Corresponding Author); Bodey, Thomas W.; Caselle, Jennifer E. et al.
In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences, Vol. 287, No. 1932, 20201063., 12.08.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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abstract = "Animals across vertebrate taxa form social communities and often exist as fission–fusion groups. Central place foragers (CPF) may form groups from which they will predictably disperse to forage, either individually or in smaller groups, before returning to fuse with the larger group. However, the function and stability of social associations in predatory fish acting as CPFs is unknown, as individuals do not need to return to a shelter yet show fidelity to core areas. Using dynamic social networks generated from acoustic tracking data, we document spatially structured sociality in CPF grey reef sharks at a Pacific Ocean atoll. We show that sharks form stable social groups over multiyear periods, with some dyadic associations consistent for up to 4 years. Groups primarily formed during the day, increasing in size throughout the morning before sharks dispersed from the reef at night. Our simulations suggest that multiple individuals sharing a central place and using social information while foraging (i.e. local enhancement) will outperform non-CPF social foragers. We show multiyear social stability in sharks and suggest that social foraging with information transfer could provide a generalizable mechanism for the emergence of sociality with group central place foraging.",

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note = "Funding: Field research at Palmyra was supported by funds from the Marisla Foundation. D.M.P.J. was supported by the Bertarelli Foundation and the project contributed to the Bertarelli Programme in Marine Science. Acknowledgements: We thank K. Davis, P. Carlson, C. Lowe, and K. Weng for assistance with fieldwork, the staff of The Nature royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rspb Proc. R. Soc. B 287: 20201063 Conservancy that run the research station at Palmyra, and USFWS. We thank Y. Watanabe for providing camera data-loggers used in the study. Finally we thank the reviewers whose comments improved the manuscript. We declare that no authors have any conflicts of interest. This is contribution no. 156 from the Palmyra Atoll Research Consortium (PARC). This is contribution no. 206 from the Coastlines and Oceans Division of the Institute of Environment at Florida International University",

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AU - Freeman, Robin

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Multiyear social stability and social information use in reef sharks with diel fission–fusion dynamics

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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