Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots

Jaan Pärn; Jos T.A. Verhoeven; Klaus Butterbach-Bahl; Nancy B. Dise; Sami Ullah; Anto Aasa; Sergey Egorov; Mikk Espenberg; Järvi Järveoja; Jyrki Jauhiainen; Kuno Kasak; Leif Klemedtsson; Ain Kull; Fatima Laggoun-Défarge; Elena D. Lapshina; Annalea Lohila; Krista Lõhmus; Martin Maddison; William J. Mitsch; Christoph Müller; Ülo Niinemets; Bruce Osborne; Taavi Pae; Jüri Ott Salm; Fotis Sgouridis; Kristina Sohar; Kaido Soosaar; Kathryn Storey; Alar Teemusk; Moses M. Tenywa; Julien Tournebize; Jaak Truu; Gert Veber; Jorge A. Villa; Seint Sann Zaw; Ülo Mander

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03540-1

Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots

Jaan Pärn^* (Corresponding Author), Jos T.A. Verhoeven, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Nancy B. Dise, Sami Ullah, Anto Aasa, Sergey Egorov, Mikk Espenberg, Järvi Järveoja, Jyrki Jauhiainen, Kuno Kasak, Leif Klemedtsson, Ain Kull, Fatima Laggoun-Défarge, Elena D. Lapshina, Annalea Lohila, Krista Lõhmus, Martin Maddison, William J. Mitsch, Christoph MüllerÜlo Niinemets, Bruce Osborne, Taavi Pae, Jüri Ott Salm, Fotis Sgouridis, Kristina Sohar, Kaido Soosaar, Kathryn Storey, Alar Teemusk, Moses M. Tenywa, Julien Tournebize, Jaak Truu, Gert Veber, Jorge A. Villa, Seint Sann Zaw, Ülo Mander

^*Corresponding author for this work

Aberdeen Centre For Environmental Sustainability

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Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. Since soils are the largest source of N₂O, predicting soil response to changes in climate or land use is central to understanding and managing N₂O. Here we find that N₂O flux can be predicted by models incorporating soil nitrate concentration (NO₃ ^-), water content and temperature using a global field survey of N₂O emissions and potential driving factors across a wide range of organic soils. N₂O emissions increase with NO₃ ^- and follow a bell-shaped distribution with water content. Combining the two functions explains 72% of N₂O emission from all organic soils. Above 5 mg NO₃ ^--N kg^-1, either draining wet soils or irrigating well-drained soils increases N₂O emission by orders of magnitude. As soil temperature together with NO₃ ^- explains 69% of N₂O emission, tropical wetlands should be a priority for N₂O management.

Original language	English
Article number	1135
Journal	Nature Communications
Volume	9
Issue number	1
Early online date	19 Mar 2018
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03540-1
Publication status	Published - 1 Dec 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Estonia (the SF0180127s08 grant), the Estonian Research Council (the IUT2-16, IUT2-17 and PUTJD618 grants); and the EU through the European Regional Development Fund (ENVIRON and EcolChange Centres of Excellence, Estonia), the 7th Framework People programme (the PIRSES-GA-2009-269227 grant), the European Social Fund (Doctoral School of Earth Sciences and Ecology, Estonia), the IAEA’s Coordinated Research Project D12010, and Labex VOLTAIRE (ANR-10-LABX-100-01). We are sincerely grateful to the assistance of Dr. I. Filippov, G. Gabiri, Dr. J. B. Gallagher, I. Gheorghe, Dr. W. Hartman, Dr. R. Iturraspe, C.K. Luswata, S. Mander, Dr. M. Metspalu, R. Moreton, Dr. H. Óskarsson, Dr. J. Paal, Dr. E.S.-O. Parrodi, Dr. S. Pellerin, Dr. S. Pihu, K. Raudsepp, Dr. F. Sabater, D. Silveira Batista, and Dr. E. Uuemaa in study-site selection and field investigation. Our work benefitted from technical assistance from Dr. C. Vohla, discussions with Dr. T. Leppelt and Dr. A. Kanal, and a pre-review by Prof. U. Skiba. Dr. T. Ligi, Dr. M. Metspalu, K. Oopkaup and Dr. M. Truu contributed to the perspective microbiological study.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Author(s).

Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Data Availability Statement

Data availability. The data reported in this paper are deposited in the PANGAEA
repository https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.885897.

Supplementary Information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-
018-03540-1.

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Pärn, J., Verhoeven, J. T. A., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Dise, N. B., Ullah, S., Aasa, A., Egorov, S., Espenberg, M., Järveoja, J., Jauhiainen, J., Kasak, K., Klemedtsson, L., Kull, A., Laggoun-Défarge, F., Lapshina, E. D., Lohila, A., Lõhmus, K., Maddison, M., Mitsch, W. J., ... Mander, Ü. (2018). Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots. Nature Communications, 9(1), Article 1135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03540-1

Pärn, J, Verhoeven, JTA, Butterbach-Bahl, K, Dise, NB, Ullah, S, Aasa, A, Egorov, S, Espenberg, M, Järveoja, J, Jauhiainen, J, Kasak, K, Klemedtsson, L, Kull, A, Laggoun-Défarge, F, Lapshina, ED, Lohila, A, Lõhmus, K, Maddison, M, Mitsch, WJ, Müller, C, Niinemets, Ü, Osborne, B, Pae, T, Salm, JO, Sgouridis, F, Sohar, K, Soosaar, K, Storey, K, Teemusk, A, Tenywa, MM, Tournebize, J, Truu, J, Veber, G, Villa, JA, Zaw, SS & Mander, Ü 2018, 'Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots', Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 1, 1135. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03540-1

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title = "Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots",

abstract = "Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. Since soils are the largest source of N2O, predicting soil response to changes in climate or land use is central to understanding and managing N2O. Here we find that N2O flux can be predicted by models incorporating soil nitrate concentration (NO3 -), water content and temperature using a global field survey of N2O emissions and potential driving factors across a wide range of organic soils. N2O emissions increase with NO3 - and follow a bell-shaped distribution with water content. Combining the two functions explains 72% of N2O emission from all organic soils. Above 5 mg NO3 --N kg-1, either draining wet soils or irrigating well-drained soils increases N2O emission by orders of magnitude. As soil temperature together with NO3 - explains 69% of N2O emission, tropical wetlands should be a priority for N2O management.",

author = "Jaan P{\"a}rn and Verhoeven, {Jos T.A.} and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl and Dise, {Nancy B.} and Sami Ullah and Anto Aasa and Sergey Egorov and Mikk Espenberg and J{\"a}rvi J{\"a}rveoja and Jyrki Jauhiainen and Kuno Kasak and Leif Klemedtsson and Ain Kull and Fatima Laggoun-D{\'e}farge and Lapshina, {Elena D.} and Annalea Lohila and Krista L{\~o}hmus and Martin Maddison and Mitsch, {William J.} and Christoph M{\"u}ller and {\"U}lo Niinemets and Bruce Osborne and Taavi Pae and Salm, {J{\"u}ri Ott} and Fotis Sgouridis and Kristina Sohar and Kaido Soosaar and Kathryn Storey and Alar Teemusk and Tenywa, {Moses M.} and Julien Tournebize and Jaak Truu and Gert Veber and Villa, {Jorge A.} and Zaw, {Seint Sann} and {\"U}lo Mander",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Estonia (the SF0180127s08 grant), the Estonian Research Council (the IUT2-16, IUT2-17 and PUTJD618 grants); and the EU through the European Regional Development Fund (ENVIRON and EcolChange Centres of Excellence, Estonia), the 7th Framework People programme (the PIRSES-GA-2009-269227 grant), the European Social Fund (Doctoral School of Earth Sciences and Ecology, Estonia), the IAEA{\textquoteright}s Coordinated Research Project D12010, and Labex VOLTAIRE (ANR-10-LABX-100-01). We are sincerely grateful to the assistance of Dr. I. Filippov, G. Gabiri, Dr. J. B. Gallagher, I. Gheorghe, Dr. W. Hartman, Dr. R. Iturraspe, C.K. Luswata, S. Mander, Dr. M. Metspalu, R. Moreton, Dr. H. {\'O}skarsson, Dr. J. Paal, Dr. E.S.-O. Parrodi, Dr. S. Pellerin, Dr. S. Pihu, K. Raudsepp, Dr. F. Sabater, D. Silveira Batista, and Dr. E. Uuemaa in study-site selection and field investigation. Our work benefitted from technical assistance from Dr. C. Vohla, discussions with Dr. T. Leppelt and Dr. A. Kanal, and a pre-review by Prof. U. Skiba. Dr. T. Ligi, Dr. M. Metspalu, K. Oopkaup and Dr. M. Truu contributed to the perspective microbiological study. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

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doi = "10.1038/s41467-018-03540-1",

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AU - Pärn, Jaan

AU - Verhoeven, Jos T.A.

AU - Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus

AU - Dise, Nancy B.

AU - Ullah, Sami

AU - Aasa, Anto

AU - Egorov, Sergey

AU - Espenberg, Mikk

AU - Järveoja, Järvi

AU - Jauhiainen, Jyrki

AU - Kasak, Kuno

AU - Klemedtsson, Leif

AU - Kull, Ain

AU - Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima

AU - Lapshina, Elena D.

AU - Lohila, Annalea

AU - Lõhmus, Krista

AU - Maddison, Martin

AU - Mitsch, William J.

AU - Müller, Christoph

AU - Niinemets, Ülo

AU - Osborne, Bruce

AU - Pae, Taavi

AU - Salm, Jüri Ott

AU - Sgouridis, Fotis

AU - Sohar, Kristina

AU - Soosaar, Kaido

AU - Storey, Kathryn

AU - Teemusk, Alar

AU - Tenywa, Moses M.

AU - Tournebize, Julien

AU - Truu, Jaak

AU - Veber, Gert

AU - Villa, Jorge A.

AU - Zaw, Seint Sann

AU - Mander, Ülo

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N2 - Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. Since soils are the largest source of N2O, predicting soil response to changes in climate or land use is central to understanding and managing N2O. Here we find that N2O flux can be predicted by models incorporating soil nitrate concentration (NO3 -), water content and temperature using a global field survey of N2O emissions and potential driving factors across a wide range of organic soils. N2O emissions increase with NO3 - and follow a bell-shaped distribution with water content. Combining the two functions explains 72% of N2O emission from all organic soils. Above 5 mg NO3 --N kg-1, either draining wet soils or irrigating well-drained soils increases N2O emission by orders of magnitude. As soil temperature together with NO3 - explains 69% of N2O emission, tropical wetlands should be a priority for N2O management.

AB - Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas and the main driver of stratospheric ozone depletion. Since soils are the largest source of N2O, predicting soil response to changes in climate or land use is central to understanding and managing N2O. Here we find that N2O flux can be predicted by models incorporating soil nitrate concentration (NO3 -), water content and temperature using a global field survey of N2O emissions and potential driving factors across a wide range of organic soils. N2O emissions increase with NO3 - and follow a bell-shaped distribution with water content. Combining the two functions explains 72% of N2O emission from all organic soils. Above 5 mg NO3 --N kg-1, either draining wet soils or irrigating well-drained soils increases N2O emission by orders of magnitude. As soil temperature together with NO3 - explains 69% of N2O emission, tropical wetlands should be a priority for N2O management.

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Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Data Availability Statement

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