Optimizing the Protection of Cattle against Escherichia coli O157:H7 Colonization through Immunization with Different Combinations of H7 Flagellin, Tir, Intimin-531 or EspA

Tom N McNeilly (Corresponding Author), Mairi C Mitchell, Alexander Corbishley, Mintu Nath, Hannah Simmonds, Sean P McAteer, Arvind Mahajan, J Christopher Low, David G E Smith, John F Huntley, David L Gally

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Abstract

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are important human pathogens, causing hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans. E. coli O157:H7 is the most common serotype associated with EHEC infections worldwide, although other non-O157 serotypes cause life-threatening infections. Cattle are a main reservoir of EHEC and intervention strategies aimed at limiting EHEC excretion from cattle are predicted to lower the risk of human infection. We have previously shown that immunization of calves with recombinant versions of the type III secretion system (T3SS)-associated proteins EspA, intimin and Tir from EHEC O157:H7 significantly reduced shedding of EHEC O157 from experimentally-colonized calves, and that protection could be augmented by the addition of H7 flagellin to the vaccine formulation. The main aim of the present study was to optimize our current EHEC O157 subunit vaccine formulations by identifying the key combinations of these antigens required for protection. A secondary aim was to determine if vaccine-induced antibody responses exhibited cross-reactive potential with antigens from other EHEC serotypes. Immunization with EspA, intimin and Tir resulted in a reduction in mean EHEC O157 shedding following challenge, but not the mean proportion of calves colonized. Removal of Tir resulted in more prolonged shedding compared with all other groups, whereas replacement of Tir with H7 flagellin resulted in the highest levels of protection, both in terms of reducing both mean EHEC O157 shedding and the proportion of colonized calves. Immunization of calves with recombinant EHEC O157 EspA, intimin and Tir resulted in the generation of antibodies capable of cross-reacting with antigens from non-O157 EHEC serotypes, suggesting that immunization with these antigens may provide a degree of cross-protection against other EHEC serotypes. Further studies are now required to test the efficacy of these vaccines in the field, and to formally test the cross-protective potential of the vaccines against other non-O157 EHEC.

Original languageEnglish
Article numbere0128391
Number of pages19
JournalPloS ONE
Volume10
Issue number5
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 28 May 2015

Bibliographical note

Funding: This work was supported by Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs-NOVARTIS LINK project number LK0666 (http://randd.defra.gov.uk) to TNM, MCM, AM, JCL, DGES, JFH, DLG; Scottish Government (http://www.scotland.gov.uk/) to TNM, MN, DGES; BBSRC (http://www.bbsrc.ac.uk) to DLG, SM; Bioniche Life Sciences Ltd. (http://www.bioniche.com) PhD studentship to AC. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Moredun Research Institute Bioservices Division for the excellent care of experimental animals, Douglas Milne for assistance with ELISA measurements, and Jason Morgan for assistance in preparing the manuscript Figures.

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