Patient preferences for topical treatment of actinic keratoses: a discrete-choice experiment

Background
Treatment of actinic keratoses (AK) is a potentially effective strategy for prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). However, the patient perspective on potential benefits of AK treatment in terms of skin cancer reduction has received little attention to date.
Objectives
(1) To investigate patient preferences for AK topical treatments using a discrete choice experiment (DCE); (2) To evaluate patient willingness to trade between clinical benefit and medical burden.
Methods
The DCE was conducted as part of a study to establish the feasibility of a phase III RCT evaluating prevention of cSCC using currently available topical interventions. Preferences were elicited by asking patients to make a series of choices between treatment alternatives with different hypothetical combinations of attribute levels. Willingness to trade between treatment attributes was estimated using a flexible choice model that allows for the heterogeneity of patient preferences.
Results
109 patients with AK completed the DCE. The majority of patients who expressed valid preferences were willing to accept some reduction in both prophylactic and cosmetic efficacy to reduce the burden of the treatment regimen, the severity of skin reaction and other adverse effects. Patients may reject treatment if the perceived therapeutic benefit is outweighed by the subjective burden of treatment.
Conclusions
Evidence of significant variation in the perceived utility of treatments across patients highlights the importance of taking individual patient preferences into account to improve AK treatment acceptability and adherence.