Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations

Frederik Albrecht; Jens Hering; Elmar Fuchs; Juan Carlos Illera; Flora Ihlow; Thomas J Shannon; J Martin Collinson; Michael Wink; Jochen Martens; Martin Päckert

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230151

Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations

Frederik Albrecht^* (Corresponding Author), Jens Hering, Elmar Fuchs, Juan Carlos Illera, Flora Ihlow, Thomas J Shannon, J Martin Collinson, Michael Wink, Jochen Martens, Martin Päckert

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

The Mediterranean Basin represents a Global Biodiversity Hotspot where many organisms show high inter- and intraspecific differentiation. Extant phylogeographic patterns of terrestrial circum-Mediterranean faunas were mainly shaped through Pleistocene range shifts and range fragmentations due to retreat into different glacial refugia. Thus, several extant Mediterranean bird species have diversified by surviving glaciations in different hospitable refugia and subsequently expanded their distribution ranges during the Holocene. Such a scenario was also suggested for the Eurasian Wren (Nannus troglodytes) despite the lack of genetic data for most Mediterranean subspecies. Our phylogenetic multi-locus analysis comprised 18 out of 28 currently accepted subspecies of N. troglodytes, including all but one subspecies which are present in the Mediterranean Basin. The resulting phylogenetic reconstruction dated the onset of the entire Holarctic radiation of three Nannus species to the early Pleistocene. In the Eurasian Wren, two North African subspecies represented separate basal lineages from the Maghreb (N. t. kabylorum) and from the Libyan Cyrenaica (N. t. juniperi), being only distantly related to other Mediterranean populations. Although N. troglodytes appeared to be paraphyletic with respect to the Nearctic Winter Wren (N. hiemalis), respective nodes did not receive strong statistical support. In contrast, paraphyly of the Ibero-Maghrebian taxon N. t. kabylorum was strongly supported. Southern Iberian populations of N. t. kabylorum did not clade with Maghrebian populations of the same subspecies but formed a sister clade to a highly diverse European clade (including nominate N. t. troglodytes and eight further taxa). In accordance with a pattern also found in other birds, Eurasian populations were split into a western clade (Europe, Caucasus) and an eastern clade (Central Asia, Sino-Himalayas, East Asia). This complex phylogeographic pattern revealed cryptic diversification in N. troglodytes, especially in the Iberio-Maghrebian region.

Original language	English
Article number	e0230151
Number of pages	27
Journal	PloS ONE
Volume	15
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230151
Publication status	Published - 19 Mar 2020

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments

We are indebted to S. Birks (Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA) and to J.-M. Pons (L’Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France), who kindly provided access to genetic material from their collections. We also thank G. López and CHAGRA ringing group for providing samples.

All genetic analyses were performed at SGN-SNSD-Mol-Lab and we are grateful to A. Rauh, C. Spitzweg, A. Müller, and C. Kehlmaier for practical help in the molecular lab facilities. We would also like to thank M. Vamberger for support in phylogenetic analyses.

Finally, we would like to thank four anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism on the manuscript.

Erratum: Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations (PLoS ONE) (2020) 15: 3 (e0230151) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230151)
F. Albrecht, J. Hering, E. Fuchs, J.C. Illera, F. Ihlow, T.J. Shannon, 2020. PLoS ONE

Keywords

Eurasian wren
Nannus troglodytes
CHAFFINCHES FRINGILLA-COELEBS
NORTH-AFRICA
MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS
PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS
GENE-FLOW BARRIER
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
DIPPER CINCLUS-CINCLUS
PERIPARUS-ATER AVES
BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Copyright: © 2020 Albrecht et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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Cite this

Albrecht, F., Hering, J., Fuchs, E., Illera, J. C., Ihlow, F., Shannon, T. J., Collinson, J. M., Wink, M., Martens, J., & Päckert, M. (2020). Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations. PloS ONE, 15(3), Article e0230151. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230151

Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations. / Albrecht, Frederik (Corresponding Author); Hering, Jens; Fuchs, Elmar et al.
In: PloS ONE, Vol. 15, No. 3, e0230151, 19.03.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Albrecht, F, Hering, J, Fuchs, E, Illera, JC, Ihlow, F, Shannon, TJ, Collinson, JM, Wink, M, Martens, J & Päckert, M 2020, 'Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations', PloS ONE, vol. 15, no. 3, e0230151. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230151

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title = "Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations",

abstract = "The Mediterranean Basin represents a Global Biodiversity Hotspot where many organisms show high inter- and intraspecific differentiation. Extant phylogeographic patterns of terrestrial circum-Mediterranean faunas were mainly shaped through Pleistocene range shifts and range fragmentations due to retreat into different glacial refugia. Thus, several extant Mediterranean bird species have diversified by surviving glaciations in different hospitable refugia and subsequently expanded their distribution ranges during the Holocene. Such a scenario was also suggested for the Eurasian Wren (Nannus troglodytes) despite the lack of genetic data for most Mediterranean subspecies. Our phylogenetic multi-locus analysis comprised 18 out of 28 currently accepted subspecies of N. troglodytes, including all but one subspecies which are present in the Mediterranean Basin. The resulting phylogenetic reconstruction dated the onset of the entire Holarctic radiation of three Nannus species to the early Pleistocene. In the Eurasian Wren, two North African subspecies represented separate basal lineages from the Maghreb (N. t. kabylorum) and from the Libyan Cyrenaica (N. t. juniperi), being only distantly related to other Mediterranean populations. Although N. troglodytes appeared to be paraphyletic with respect to the Nearctic Winter Wren (N. hiemalis), respective nodes did not receive strong statistical support. In contrast, paraphyly of the Ibero-Maghrebian taxon N. t. kabylorum was strongly supported. Southern Iberian populations of N. t. kabylorum did not clade with Maghrebian populations of the same subspecies but formed a sister clade to a highly diverse European clade (including nominate N. t. troglodytes and eight further taxa). In accordance with a pattern also found in other birds, Eurasian populations were split into a western clade (Europe, Caucasus) and an eastern clade (Central Asia, Sino-Himalayas, East Asia). This complex phylogeographic pattern revealed cryptic diversification in N. troglodytes, especially in the Iberio-Maghrebian region.",

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author = "Frederik Albrecht and Jens Hering and Elmar Fuchs and Illera, {Juan Carlos} and Flora Ihlow and Shannon, {Thomas J} and Collinson, {J Martin} and Michael Wink and Jochen Martens and Martin P{\"a}ckert",

note = "Acknowledgments We are indebted to S. Birks (Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, Seattle, WA, USA) and to J.-M. Pons (L{\textquoteright}Institut de Syst{\'e}matique, {\'E}volution, Biodiversit{\'e}, Mus{\'e}um national d{\textquoteright}histoire naturelle, Paris, France), who kindly provided access to genetic material from their collections. We also thank G. L{\'o}pez and CHAGRA ringing group for providing samples. All genetic analyses were performed at SGN-SNSD-Mol-Lab and we are grateful to A. Rauh, C. Spitzweg, A. M{\"u}ller, and C. Kehlmaier for practical help in the molecular lab facilities. We would also like to thank M. Vamberger for support in phylogenetic analyses. Finally, we would like to thank four anonymous reviewers for constructive criticism on the manuscript. Erratum: Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations (PLoS ONE) (2020) 15: 3 (e0230151) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230151) F. Albrecht, J. Hering, E. Fuchs, J.C. Illera, F. Ihlow, T.J. Shannon, 2020. PLoS ONE",

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AU - Albrecht, Frederik

AU - Hering, Jens

AU - Fuchs, Elmar

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N2 - The Mediterranean Basin represents a Global Biodiversity Hotspot where many organisms show high inter- and intraspecific differentiation. Extant phylogeographic patterns of terrestrial circum-Mediterranean faunas were mainly shaped through Pleistocene range shifts and range fragmentations due to retreat into different glacial refugia. Thus, several extant Mediterranean bird species have diversified by surviving glaciations in different hospitable refugia and subsequently expanded their distribution ranges during the Holocene. Such a scenario was also suggested for the Eurasian Wren (Nannus troglodytes) despite the lack of genetic data for most Mediterranean subspecies. Our phylogenetic multi-locus analysis comprised 18 out of 28 currently accepted subspecies of N. troglodytes, including all but one subspecies which are present in the Mediterranean Basin. The resulting phylogenetic reconstruction dated the onset of the entire Holarctic radiation of three Nannus species to the early Pleistocene. In the Eurasian Wren, two North African subspecies represented separate basal lineages from the Maghreb (N. t. kabylorum) and from the Libyan Cyrenaica (N. t. juniperi), being only distantly related to other Mediterranean populations. Although N. troglodytes appeared to be paraphyletic with respect to the Nearctic Winter Wren (N. hiemalis), respective nodes did not receive strong statistical support. In contrast, paraphyly of the Ibero-Maghrebian taxon N. t. kabylorum was strongly supported. Southern Iberian populations of N. t. kabylorum did not clade with Maghrebian populations of the same subspecies but formed a sister clade to a highly diverse European clade (including nominate N. t. troglodytes and eight further taxa). In accordance with a pattern also found in other birds, Eurasian populations were split into a western clade (Europe, Caucasus) and an eastern clade (Central Asia, Sino-Himalayas, East Asia). This complex phylogeographic pattern revealed cryptic diversification in N. troglodytes, especially in the Iberio-Maghrebian region.

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KW - EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY

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KW - PERIPARUS-ATER AVES

KW - BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS

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Phylogeny of the Eurasian Wren Nannus troglodytes (Aves: Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) reveals deep and complex diversification patterns of Ibero-Maghrebian and Cyrenaican populations

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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