Planetary Boundaries and the Doughnut frameworks: A review of their local operability

The concept of Planetary Boundaries has sparked debate around tipping points and the limits of the Earth System for over a decade. One of the most investigated aspects is how to downscale this global concept to a local level, in order to make it operative at the scales at which decisions are made, and policies applied. It remains unclear, however, how the Planetary Boundaries could be downscaled and applied locally while keeping their original meaning. We therefore review the concept in detail as it pertains to its operability locally, including the challenges for their application at a smaller scale. We also examine the importance of climate change in shaping the future and hence in influencing the future SJOS, which might be constrained by stricter boundaries and by a lower level of ecosystem services available for the population.