TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasma processes to detect fluorine with ICPMS as M-F+
T2 - an argument for building a negative mode ICPMS/MS
AU - Jamari, Nor Laili Azua
AU - Behrens, Arne
AU - Raab, Andrea
AU - Krupp, Eva M.
AU - Feldmann, Jorg
N1 - NLAJ thanks the Malaysian Government (Grant number: RG12824-10) and National Defence University of Malaysia for financial support throughout the study period, while AB thanks the Erasmus programme of the EU. Special thanks to Swedish Research Council for additional financial support (Grant number: FORMAS 1397306) and also to Samira Al Hinai and Amanda Victor for helping in this project.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Detection of fluorine with commercial ICPMS is impossible due to fluorine's high ionisation potential (IP). A novel approach through the formation of fluorine-containing polyatomic ions [M-F]+ in the plasma allows the successful detection of F in sub ppm level by ICPMS/MS. Two theories behind [M-F]+ formation have been proposed, yet there is no clear understanding about this mechanism. Here, different metal solutions were tested to study the characterisation of plasma processes in the formation of [M-F]+. Three characteristics: high [M-F]+ bond dissociation energy (BDE), low [M-O]+ BDE and low IP, found to be essential to get highest sensitivity of [M-F]+. It was found that for elements with a higher [M-F]+ BDE than [M-O]+ BDE, the sensitivity decreases linearly with the element's second IP, meaning that the major process in the plasma is that M2+ harvests F- in the plasma to form [M-F]+. Barium exhibited the highest sensitivity for [M-F]+. However, the robustness of this approach was questioned due to matrix effects, hence an argument for re-developing the negative ion ICPMS/MS was discussed with which detection limits of sub-ppb could be reached.
AB - Detection of fluorine with commercial ICPMS is impossible due to fluorine's high ionisation potential (IP). A novel approach through the formation of fluorine-containing polyatomic ions [M-F]+ in the plasma allows the successful detection of F in sub ppm level by ICPMS/MS. Two theories behind [M-F]+ formation have been proposed, yet there is no clear understanding about this mechanism. Here, different metal solutions were tested to study the characterisation of plasma processes in the formation of [M-F]+. Three characteristics: high [M-F]+ bond dissociation energy (BDE), low [M-O]+ BDE and low IP, found to be essential to get highest sensitivity of [M-F]+. It was found that for elements with a higher [M-F]+ BDE than [M-O]+ BDE, the sensitivity decreases linearly with the element's second IP, meaning that the major process in the plasma is that M2+ harvests F- in the plasma to form [M-F]+. Barium exhibited the highest sensitivity for [M-F]+. However, the robustness of this approach was questioned due to matrix effects, hence an argument for re-developing the negative ion ICPMS/MS was discussed with which detection limits of sub-ppb could be reached.
U2 - 10.1039/C8JA00050F
DO - 10.1039/C8JA00050F
M3 - Article
SN - 0267-9477
VL - 33
SP - 1304
EP - 1309
JO - Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
JF - Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
IS - 8
ER -