TY - JOUR
T1 - Positioning terrorism in management and marketing
T2 - Research propositions
AU - Czinkota, Michael R.
AU - Knight, Gary A.
AU - Liesch, Peter W.
AU - Steen, John
PY - 2005/12/1
Y1 - 2005/12/1
N2 - Terrorism poses both direct and indirect threats to the operations of the firm. It represents a market imperfection that increases transaction costs and creates barriers to the free flow of goods, affecting potential gains that would occur in the presence of unhindered exchange. Terrorism reflects the risk or actual encounter of violent acts, whose goal is to engender fear, coercion, or intimidation. We investigate terrorism and its association with marketing strategy and operations. Key concepts on terrorism are reviewed and a collection of propositions is offered. We highlight the pivotal roles of sourcing, production, distribution, pricing, communications, and general business strategy as functions influenced by, or capable of influencing, terrorism. Lastly, we offer managerial implications, as well as directions and guidelines for future research.
AB - Terrorism poses both direct and indirect threats to the operations of the firm. It represents a market imperfection that increases transaction costs and creates barriers to the free flow of goods, affecting potential gains that would occur in the presence of unhindered exchange. Terrorism reflects the risk or actual encounter of violent acts, whose goal is to engender fear, coercion, or intimidation. We investigate terrorism and its association with marketing strategy and operations. Key concepts on terrorism are reviewed and a collection of propositions is offered. We highlight the pivotal roles of sourcing, production, distribution, pricing, communications, and general business strategy as functions influenced by, or capable of influencing, terrorism. Lastly, we offer managerial implications, as well as directions and guidelines for future research.
KW - Exporting
KW - Foreign direct investment
KW - International marketing
KW - Pricing
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Strategic planning
KW - Terrorism
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=28244466762&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.intman.2005.09.011
DO - 10.1016/j.intman.2005.09.011
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:28244466762
SN - 1075-4253
VL - 11
SP - 581
EP - 604
JO - Journal of International Management
JF - Journal of International Management
IS - 4
ER -