Recurrence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: an individual patient data metaanalysis

Miriam F van Oostwaard, Josje Langenveld, Ewoud Schuit, Dimitri N M Papatsonis, Mark A Brown, Romano N Byaruhanga, Sohinee Bhattacharya, Doris M Campbell, Lucy C Chappell, Francesca Chiaffarino, Isabella Crippa, Fabio Facchinetti, Sergio Ferrazzani, Enrico Ferrazzi, Ernesto A Figueiró-Filho, Ingrid P M Gaugler-Senden, Camilla Haavaldsen, Jacob A Lykke, Alfred K Mbah, Vanessa M OliveiraLucilla Poston, Christopher W G Redman, Raed Salim, Baskaran Thilaganathan, Patrizia Vergani, Jun Zhang, Eric A P Steegers, Ben Willem J Mol, Wessel Ganzevoort

Research output: Contribution to journalAbstractpeer-review

106 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: We performed an individual participant data (IPD) metaanalysis to calculate the recurrence risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and recurrence of individual hypertensive syndromes.

STUDY DESIGN: We performed an electronic literature search for cohort studies that reported on women experiencing HDP and who had a subsequent pregnancy. The principal investigators were contacted and informed of our study; we requested their original study data. The data were merged to form one combined database. The results will be presented as percentages with 95% confidence interval (CI) and odds ratios with 95% CI.

RESULTS: Of 94 eligible cohort studies, we obtained IPD of 22 studies, including a total of 99,415 women. Pooled data of 64 studies that used published data (IPD where available) showed a recurrence rate of 18.1% (n = 152,213; 95% CI, 17.9-18.3%). In the 22 studies that are included in our IPD, the recurrence rate of a HDP was 20.7% (95% CI, 20.4-20.9%). Recurrence manifested as preeclampsia in 13.8% of the studies (95% CI,13.6-14.1%), gestational hypertension in 8.6% of the studies (95% CI, 8.4-8.8%) and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome in 0.2% of the studies (95% CI, 0.16-0.25%). The delivery of a small-for-gestational-age child accompanied the recurrent HDP in 3.4% of the studies (95% CI, 3.2-3.6%). Concomitant HELLP syndrome or delivery of a small-for-gestational-age child increased the risk of recurrence of HDP. Recurrence increased with decreasing gestational age at delivery in the index pregnancy. If the HDP recurred, in general it was milder, regarding maximum diastolic blood pressure, proteinuria, the use of oral antihypertensive and anticonvulsive medication, the delivery of a small-for-gestational-age child, premature delivery, and perinatal death. Normotensive women experienced chronic hypertension after pregnancy more often after experiencing recurrence (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.3-6.1).

CONCLUSION: Among women that experience hypertension in pregnancy, the recurrence rate in a next pregnancy is relatively low, and the course of disease is milder for most women with recurrent disease. These reassuring data should be used for shared decision-making in women who consider a new pregnancy after a pregnancy that was complicated by hypertension.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)e1-e17
Number of pages17
JournalAmerican Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume212
Issue number5
Early online date9 Jan 2015
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 2015

Bibliographical note

Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • gestational hypertension
  • HELLP syndrome
  • IPD
  • preeclampsia
  • pregnancy
  • recurrence

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