Abstract
Changes in ice velocity of a glacier regulate its mass balance and dynamics. The estimation of glacier flow velocity is therefore an important aspect of temporal glacier monitoring. The utilisation of conventional ground-based techniques for detecting glacier surface flow velocity in the rugged and alpine Himalayan terrain is extremely difficult. Remote sensing-based techniques can provide such observations on a regular basis for a large geographical area. Obtaining freely available high quality remote sensing data for the Himalayan regions is challenging. In the present work, we adopted a differential band composite approach, for the first time, in order to estimate glacier surface velocity for non-debris and supraglacial debris covered areas of a glacier, separately. We employed various bandwidths of the Landsat 8 data for velocity estimation using the COSI-Corr (co-registration of optically sensed images and correlation) tool. We performed the accuracy assessment with respect to field measurements for two glaciers in the Indian Himalaya. The panchromatic band worked best for non-debris parts of the glaciers while band 6 (SWIR – short wave infrared) performed best in case of debris cover. We correlated six temporal Landsat 8 scenes in order to ensure the performance of the proposed algorithm on monthly as well as yearly timescales. We identified sources of error and generated a final velocity map along with the flow lines. Over- and underestimates of the yearly glacier velocity were found to be more in the case of slow moving areas with annual displacements less than 5 m. Landsat 8 has great capabilities for such velocity estimation work for a large geographic extent because of its global coverage, improved spectral and radiometric resolutions, free availability and considerable revisit time.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 305-321 |
Number of pages | 17 |
Journal | Progress in Physical Geography |
Volume | 40 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 13 Jul 2015 |
Bibliographical note
FundingThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Acknowledgements
We are thankful to the Contribution to High Asia Runoff from Ice and Snow (CHARIS) project, funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) on Shaune Garang glacier which gave us an opportunity, while working for project objectives, to think for utilising our field presence in verifying the capabilities of Landsat 8 data for the glacier velocity estimation. We are also grateful to the editor Dr Karen Anderson and to the two anonymous reviewers for their constructive suggestions which improved the quality of the paper significantly. We further acknowledge NASA and USGS for providing Landsat 8 data free-of-cost for research purposes.
Keywords
- COSI-Corr
- glacier dynamics
- glacier velocity
- Himalaya
- Landsat 8
- panchromatic
- SWIR