Risk of melanoma in women with endometriosis: A Scottish national cohort study

Objective: To explore the risk of melanoma in women with endometriosis. Study Design: A retrospective cohort study using Scottish national population-based data was conducted. The study comprised 281,937 women with nearly 5 million person years (4,923,628) of follow up from 1981 to 2010. 17,834 women with a new surgical diagnosis of endometriosis were compared with 83,303 women with no evidence of endometriosis at laparoscopy, 162,966 women who underwent laparoscopic sterilisation and 17,834 age-matched women from the general population to determine the risk of melanoma. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted Hazards ratios with 95 % Confidence Intervals. Results: Women with endometriosis had a significantly higher risk of melanoma when compared to women with no evidence of endometriosis at laparoscopy (HR 1.59, 95 % CI 1.19–2.13), women who had undergone laparoscopic sterilisation (HR 1.82, 95 % CI 1.39–2.40) and age-matched women from the general population (HR 1.63, 95 % CI 1.08–2.45). Conclusion: A diagnosis of endometriosis was associated with an increased risk of developing melanoma compared to those without endometriosis. These findings highlight the need for further research to explore shared pathways in the pathogenesis of the two conditions. It is important to acknowledge that the absolute increase in the risk of melanoma in women with endometriosis remains low, which should be considered when counselling women.