TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food
AU - Knutsen, Helle Katrine
AU - Alexander, Jan
AU - Barregård, Lars
AU - Bignami, Margherita
AU - Brüschweiler, Beat
AU - Ceccatelli, Sandra
AU - Cottrill, Bruce
AU - Dinovi, Michael
AU - Edler, Lutz
AU - Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina
AU - Hogstrand, Christer
AU - Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)
AU - Nebbia, Carlo Stefano
AU - Oswald, Isabelle P
AU - Petersen, Annette
AU - Rose, Martin
AU - Roudot, Alain-Claude
AU - Vleminckx, Christiane
AU - Vollmer, Günter
AU - Wallace, Heather
AU - Bodin, Laurent
AU - Cravedi, Jean-Pierre
AU - Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi
AU - Haug, Line Småstuen
AU - Johansson, Niklas
AU - van Loveren, Henk
AU - Gergelova, Petra
AU - Mackay, Karen
AU - Levorato, Sara
AU - van Manen, Mathijs
AU - Schwerdtle, Tanja
AU - EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)
N1 - Acknowledgements: The Panel wishes to thank the hearing experts: Tony Fletcher, Philippe Adam Grandjean and Marco Zeilmaker, and EFSA staff members: Davide Arcella for the support provided to this scientific output. The Panel acknowledges all European Competent Authorities that provided occurrence data on perfluoroalkylated substances in food, and supported the data collection for the Comprehensive European Food Consumption Database. The Panel would also like to thank the following authors and co‐authors for providing additional data in relation to their respective studies: Esben Budtz‐Jørgensen, Jerry Campbell, Jessie A Gleason, Berit Granum, Mette Sørenson, Kyle Steenland and Kristina W Whitworth.
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were ?Fish and other seafood?, ?Meat and meat products? and ?Eggs and egg products?, for PFOS, and ?Milk and dairy products?, ?Drinking water? and ?Fish and other seafood? for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2?4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
AB - The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were ?Fish and other seafood?, ?Meat and meat products? and ?Eggs and egg products?, for PFOS, and ?Milk and dairy products?, ?Drinking water? and ?Fish and other seafood? for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2?4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
KW - PFOS
KW - PFOA
KW - food
KW - exposure
KW - BMD
KW - PBPK
KW - risk assessment
U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194
DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194
M3 - Article
VL - 16
JO - EFSA Journal
JF - EFSA Journal
SN - 1831-4732
IS - 12
M1 - e05194
ER -
