TY - JOUR
T1 - Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed
AU - Knutsen, Helle Katrine
AU - Alexander, Jan
AU - Barregård, Lars
AU - Bignami, Margherita
AU - Brüschweiler, Beat
AU - Ceccatelli, Sandra
AU - Cottrill, Bruce
AU - Dinovi, Michael
AU - Edler, Lutz
AU - Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina
AU - Hogstrand, Christer
AU - Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)
AU - Nebbia, Carlo Stefano
AU - Petersen, Annette
AU - Rose, Martin
AU - Roudot, Alain-Claude
AU - Schwerdtle, Tanja
AU - Vleminckx, Christiane
AU - Vollmer, Günter
AU - Wallace, Heather
AU - Dall'Asta, Chiara
AU - Dänicke, Sven
AU - Eriksen, Gunnar Sundstøl
AU - Altieri, Andrea
AU - Torres, Ruth Roldán
AU - Oswald, Isabelle P.
AU - EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)
N1 - An editorial amendment was carried out that does not materially affect the contents or outcome of this scientific output. On p. 84 the reference Jiang et al. (2012) has been corrected so as to match the main text and conclusions on adverse effects on pigs. To avoid confusion, the older version has been removed from the EFSA Journal, but is available on request, as is a version showing all the changes made.
Acknowledgements: The EFSA CONTAM Panel thanks the hearing expert Andrew David Hart, member of the EFSA WG on Uncertainty in Risk Assessment for the support provided to this scientific output. The Panel acknowledges all European countries and European stakeholder organisations that provided feed consumption data and occurrence data on zearalenone and its modified forms in feed.
Adopted: 10 May 2017
Reproduction of the image listed below is prohibited and permission must be sought directly from the copyright holder:Figure 4: © Elsevier Ltd.
Amended: 18 July 2018
PY - 2017/7
Y1 - 2017/7
N2 - Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.
AB - Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.
KW - zearalenone
KW - modified forms
KW - metabolites
KW - feed
KW - exposure
KW - toxicity
KW - animal health risk assessment
U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851
DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851
M3 - Article
VL - 15
JO - EFSA Journal
JF - EFSA Journal
SN - 1831-4732
IS - 7
M1 - e04851
ER -