Salivary Interleukin Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia:  Findings from a Sri Lankan Study

Nadisha Sewwandi Piyarathne; Manjula  Weerasekera; P.F.D.  Fonseka,; A.H.T. S  Karunatilleke,; R. L. Pemith  Liyanage; Ruwan Duminda  Jayasinghe; Kanishka  De Silva; Surangi  Yasawardene; Ekta Gupta; J.A.P.  Jayasinghe; Rasha Abu Eid

doi:10.3390/cancers15051510

Salivary Interleukin Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: Findings from a Sri Lankan Study

Nadisha Sewwandi Piyarathne, Manjula Weerasekera, P.F.D. Fonseka,, A.H.T. S Karunatilleke,, R. L. Pemith Liyanage, Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe, Kanishka De Silva, Surangi Yasawardene, Ekta Gupta, J.A.P. Jayasinghe, Rasha Abu Eid^* (Corresponding Author)

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Sri Jayewardenepura

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Citations (Scopus)

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Abstract

The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its precursor, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), is on the rise, especially in South Asia. OSCC is the leading cancer in males in Sri Lanka, with >80% diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. Early detection is paramount to improve patient outcome, and saliva testing is a promising non-invasive tool. The aim of this study was to assess salivary interleukins (lL1β, IL6, and IL8) in OSCC, OED and disease-free controls in a Sri Lankan study cohort. A case-control study with OSCC (n = 37), OED (n = 30) patients and disease-free controls (n = 30) was conducted. Salivary lL1β, IL6, and IL8 were quantified using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Comparisons between different diagnostic groups and potential correlations to risk factors were assessed. Salivary levels for the three tested interleukins increased from disease-free controls through OED, and were highest in OSCC samples. Furthermore, the levels of IL1β, IL6, and IL8 increased progressively with OED grade. The discrimination between patients (OSCC and OED) and controls, as assessed by AUC of receiver operating characteristic curves, was 0.9 for IL8 (p = 0.0001) and 0.8 for IL6 (p = 0.0001), while IL1β differentiated OSCC from controls (AUC 0.7, p = 0.006). No significant associations were found between salivary interleukin levels and smoking, alcohol, and betel quid risk factors. Our findings suggest that salivary IL1β, IL6, and IL8 are associated with disease severity of OED, and are potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression in OED, and the screening of OSCC.

Original language	English
Article number	1510
Number of pages	13
Journal	Cancers
Volume	15
Early online date	28 Feb 2023
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051510
Publication status	Published - 28 Feb 2023

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the laboratory staff at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. The authors would like to thank Thilini Nisansala and Chamikara Liyanage for their help in the laboratory analysis.
Funding
N.S.P. was financially supported by the Elphinstone Scholarship, University of Aberdeen, UK and the University Grants Commission, Sri Lanka.

Keywords

saliva
biomarkers
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
oral epithelial dysplasia
interleukins

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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Cite this

Piyarathne, N. S., Weerasekera, M., Fonseka, P. F. D., Karunatilleke, A. H. T. S., Liyanage, R. L. P., Jayasinghe, R. D., De Silva, K., Yasawardene, S., Gupta, E., Jayasinghe, J. A. P., & Abu Eid, R. (2023). Salivary Interleukin Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: Findings from a Sri Lankan Study. Cancers, 15, Article 1510. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051510

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abstract = "The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its precursor, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), is on the rise, especially in South Asia. OSCC is the leading cancer in males in Sri Lanka, with >80% diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. Early detection is paramount to improve patient outcome, and saliva testing is a promising non-invasive tool. The aim of this study was to assess salivary interleukins (lL1β, IL6, and IL8) in OSCC, OED and disease-free controls in a Sri Lankan study cohort. A case-control study with OSCC (n = 37), OED (n = 30) patients and disease-free controls (n = 30) was conducted. Salivary lL1β, IL6, and IL8 were quantified using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Comparisons between different diagnostic groups and potential correlations to risk factors were assessed. Salivary levels for the three tested interleukins increased from disease-free controls through OED, and were highest in OSCC samples. Furthermore, the levels of IL1β, IL6, and IL8 increased progressively with OED grade. The discrimination between patients (OSCC and OED) and controls, as assessed by AUC of receiver operating characteristic curves, was 0.9 for IL8 (p = 0.0001) and 0.8 for IL6 (p = 0.0001), while IL1β differentiated OSCC from controls (AUC 0.7, p = 0.006). No significant associations were found between salivary interleukin levels and smoking, alcohol, and betel quid risk factors. Our findings suggest that salivary IL1β, IL6, and IL8 are associated with disease severity of OED, and are potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression in OED, and the screening of OSCC.",

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author = "Piyarathne, {Nadisha Sewwandi} and Manjula Weerasekera and P.F.D. Fonseka, and Karunatilleke,, {A.H.T. S} and Liyanage, {R. L. Pemith} and Jayasinghe, {Ruwan Duminda} and {De Silva}, Kanishka and Surangi Yasawardene and Ekta Gupta and J.A.P. Jayasinghe and {Abu Eid}, Rasha",

note = "Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the laboratory staff at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. The authors would like to thank Thilini Nisansala and Chamikara Liyanage for their help in the laboratory analysis. Funding N.S.P. was financially supported by the Elphinstone Scholarship, University of Aberdeen, UK and the University Grants Commission, Sri Lanka.",

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T1 - Salivary Interleukin Levels in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Epithelial Dysplasia

T2 - Findings from a Sri Lankan Study

AU - Piyarathne, Nadisha Sewwandi

AU - Weerasekera, Manjula

AU - Fonseka,, P.F.D.

AU - Karunatilleke,, A.H.T. S

AU - Liyanage, R. L. Pemith

AU - Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda

AU - De Silva, Kanishka

AU - Yasawardene, Surangi

AU - Gupta, Ekta

AU - Jayasinghe, J.A.P.

AU - Abu Eid, Rasha

N1 - Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the laboratory staff at the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. The authors would like to thank Thilini Nisansala and Chamikara Liyanage for their help in the laboratory analysis. Funding N.S.P. was financially supported by the Elphinstone Scholarship, University of Aberdeen, UK and the University Grants Commission, Sri Lanka.

PY - 2023/2/28

Y1 - 2023/2/28

N2 - The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its precursor, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), is on the rise, especially in South Asia. OSCC is the leading cancer in males in Sri Lanka, with >80% diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. Early detection is paramount to improve patient outcome, and saliva testing is a promising non-invasive tool. The aim of this study was to assess salivary interleukins (lL1β, IL6, and IL8) in OSCC, OED and disease-free controls in a Sri Lankan study cohort. A case-control study with OSCC (n = 37), OED (n = 30) patients and disease-free controls (n = 30) was conducted. Salivary lL1β, IL6, and IL8 were quantified using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Comparisons between different diagnostic groups and potential correlations to risk factors were assessed. Salivary levels for the three tested interleukins increased from disease-free controls through OED, and were highest in OSCC samples. Furthermore, the levels of IL1β, IL6, and IL8 increased progressively with OED grade. The discrimination between patients (OSCC and OED) and controls, as assessed by AUC of receiver operating characteristic curves, was 0.9 for IL8 (p = 0.0001) and 0.8 for IL6 (p = 0.0001), while IL1β differentiated OSCC from controls (AUC 0.7, p = 0.006). No significant associations were found between salivary interleukin levels and smoking, alcohol, and betel quid risk factors. Our findings suggest that salivary IL1β, IL6, and IL8 are associated with disease severity of OED, and are potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression in OED, and the screening of OSCC.

AB - The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and its precursor, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), is on the rise, especially in South Asia. OSCC is the leading cancer in males in Sri Lanka, with >80% diagnosed at advanced clinical stages. Early detection is paramount to improve patient outcome, and saliva testing is a promising non-invasive tool. The aim of this study was to assess salivary interleukins (lL1β, IL6, and IL8) in OSCC, OED and disease-free controls in a Sri Lankan study cohort. A case-control study with OSCC (n = 37), OED (n = 30) patients and disease-free controls (n = 30) was conducted. Salivary lL1β, IL6, and IL8 were quantified using enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay. Comparisons between different diagnostic groups and potential correlations to risk factors were assessed. Salivary levels for the three tested interleukins increased from disease-free controls through OED, and were highest in OSCC samples. Furthermore, the levels of IL1β, IL6, and IL8 increased progressively with OED grade. The discrimination between patients (OSCC and OED) and controls, as assessed by AUC of receiver operating characteristic curves, was 0.9 for IL8 (p = 0.0001) and 0.8 for IL6 (p = 0.0001), while IL1β differentiated OSCC from controls (AUC 0.7, p = 0.006). No significant associations were found between salivary interleukin levels and smoking, alcohol, and betel quid risk factors. Our findings suggest that salivary IL1β, IL6, and IL8 are associated with disease severity of OED, and are potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression in OED, and the screening of OSCC.

KW - saliva

KW - biomarkers

KW - Oral squamous cell carcinoma

KW - oral epithelial dysplasia

KW - interleukins

U2 - 10.3390/cancers15051510

DO - 10.3390/cancers15051510

M3 - Article

C2 - 36900301

SN - 2072-6694

VL - 15

JO - Cancers

JF - Cancers

M1 - 1510

ER -