Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation?

Catarina Dinis Fernandes; Ourania Varsou; Michael Stringer; Mary Joan Macleod; Christian Schwarzbauer

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_3

Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation?

Catarina Dinis Fernandes^* (Corresponding Author), Ourania Varsou, Michael Stringer, Mary Joan Macleod, Christian Schwarzbauer

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

5 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), performed during resting wakefulness without tasks or stimulation, is a non-invasive technique to assess and visualise functional brain networks in vivo. Acquisition of resting-state imaging data has become increasingly common in longitudinal studies to investigate brain health and disease. However, the scanning protocols vary considerably across different institutions creating challenges for comparability especially for the interpretation of findings in patient cohorts and establishment of diagnostic or prognostic imaging biomarkers. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the effect of two experimental conditions (i.e. a low cognitive demand paradigm and a pure resting-state fcMRI) on the reproducibility of brain networks between a baseline and a follow-up session, 30 (±5) days later, acquired from 12 right-handed volunteers (29 ± 5 yrs). A novel method was developed and used for a direct statistical comparison of the test-retest reliability using 28 well-established functional brain networks. Overall, both scanning conditions produced good levels of test-retest reliability. While the pure resting-state condition showed higher test-retest reliability for 18 of the 28 analysed networks, the low cognitive demand paradigm produced higher test-retest reliability for 8 of the 28 brain networks (i.e. visual, sensorimotor and frontal areas); in 2 of the 28 brain networks no significant changes could be detected. These results are relevant to planning of longitudinal studies, as higher test-retest reliability generally increases statistical power. This work also makes an important contribution to neuroimaging where optimising fcMRI experimental scanning conditions, and hence data visualisation of brain function, remains an on-going topic of interest. In this chapter, we provide a full methodological explanation of the two paradigms and our analysis so that readers can apply them to their own scanning protocols.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Biomedical Visualisation
Editors	Paul M. Rea
Publisher	Springer
Chapter	3
Pages	35-52
Number of pages	18
Volume	6
ISBN (Electronic)	9783030376390
ISBN (Print)	9783030376383
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_3
Publication status	Published - 2020

Publication series

Name	Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (AEMB)
Publisher	Springer
Volume	1235
ISSN (Print)	0065-2598
ISSN (Electronic)	2214-8019

Bibliographical note

Acknowledgements
This study was funded by a grant from the NHS Grampian Endowments Trust under the project number 12/35. We would like to thank Professor Alison Murray for assessing the structural scans, Mr. Gordon Buchan for his contribution to the paradigm development and technical support during scanning, Dr. Jennifer Perrin for selecting the pictures used in the low-cognitive demand paradigm, the research radiographers (Mrs Baljit Jagpal, Mrs. Beverly Maclennan, Mrs. Nichola Crouch, and Mrs. Katrina Klaasen), the Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre research staff, the research nurses (Mrs Anu Joyson and Mrs. Heather Gow) and above all the participants for their contribution to this study. The authors also acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Elena Allen for providing the component t-statistic thresholds applied in Allen et al. (2011) for application in this work. Finally the authors would like to note that this research work has been previously discussed in Dr. Varsou’s PhD and Miss Dinis Fernandes’ MSc theses and relevant sections have been referenced accordingly. The novel analysis approach described in this chapter, however, has not been published in a journal publication.

Keywords

brain
magnetic resonance imaging
functional connectivity
resting-state
Functional connectivity
Brain
Magnetic resonance imaging
Resting-state
NETWORK
HUMAN BRAIN
MRI
DEFAULT MODE
REPRODUCIBILITY
IMPACT
ARCHITECTURE
EYES OPEN
TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY
FMRI

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_3Licence: Unspecified

Cite this

Dinis Fernandes, C., Varsou, O., Stringer, M., Macleod, M. J., & Schwarzbauer, C. (2020). Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation? In P. M. Rea (Ed.), Biomedical Visualisation (Vol. 6, pp. 35-52). (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (AEMB); Vol. 1235). Springer . https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_3

Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation? / Dinis Fernandes, Catarina (Corresponding Author); Varsou, Ourania; Stringer, Michael et al.
Biomedical Visualisation. ed. / Paul M. Rea. Vol. 6 Springer , 2020. p. 35-52 (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (AEMB); Vol. 1235).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter

Dinis Fernandes, C, Varsou, O, Stringer, M, Macleod, MJ & Schwarzbauer, C 2020, Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation? in PM Rea (ed.), Biomedical Visualisation. vol. 6, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (AEMB), vol. 1235, Springer , pp. 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_3

Dinis Fernandes C, Varsou O, Stringer M, Macleod MJ, Schwarzbauer C. Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation? In Rea PM, editor, Biomedical Visualisation. Vol. 6. Springer . 2020. p. 35-52. (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology (AEMB)). Epub 2020 Jun 3. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_3

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title = "Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation?",

abstract = "Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), performed during resting wakefulness without tasks or stimulation, is a non-invasive technique to assess and visualise functional brain networks in vivo. Acquisition of resting-state imaging data has become increasingly common in longitudinal studies to investigate brain health and disease. However, the scanning protocols vary considerably across different institutions creating challenges for comparability especially for the interpretation of findings in patient cohorts and establishment of diagnostic or prognostic imaging biomarkers. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the effect of two experimental conditions (i.e. a low cognitive demand paradigm and a pure resting-state fcMRI) on the reproducibility of brain networks between a baseline and a follow-up session, 30 (±5) days later, acquired from 12 right-handed volunteers (29 ± 5 yrs). A novel method was developed and used for a direct statistical comparison of the test-retest reliability using 28 well-established functional brain networks. Overall, both scanning conditions produced good levels of test-retest reliability. While the pure resting-state condition showed higher test-retest reliability for 18 of the 28 analysed networks, the low cognitive demand paradigm produced higher test-retest reliability for 8 of the 28 brain networks (i.e. visual, sensorimotor and frontal areas); in 2 of the 28 brain networks no significant changes could be detected. These results are relevant to planning of longitudinal studies, as higher test-retest reliability generally increases statistical power. This work also makes an important contribution to neuroimaging where optimising fcMRI experimental scanning conditions, and hence data visualisation of brain function, remains an on-going topic of interest. In this chapter, we provide a full methodological explanation of the two paradigms and our analysis so that readers can apply them to their own scanning protocols.",

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author = "{Dinis Fernandes}, Catarina and Ourania Varsou and Michael Stringer and Macleod, {Mary Joan} and Christian Schwarzbauer",

note = "Acknowledgements This study was funded by a grant from the NHS Grampian Endowments Trust under the project number 12/35. We would like to thank Professor Alison Murray for assessing the structural scans, Mr. Gordon Buchan for his contribution to the paradigm development and technical support during scanning, Dr. Jennifer Perrin for selecting the pictures used in the low-cognitive demand paradigm, the research radiographers (Mrs Baljit Jagpal, Mrs. Beverly Maclennan, Mrs. Nichola Crouch, and Mrs. Katrina Klaasen), the Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre research staff, the research nurses (Mrs Anu Joyson and Mrs. Heather Gow) and above all the participants for their contribution to this study. The authors also acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Elena Allen for providing the component t-statistic thresholds applied in Allen et al. (2011) for application in this work. Finally the authors would like to note that this research work has been previously discussed in Dr. Varsou{\textquoteright}s PhD and Miss Dinis Fernandes{\textquoteright} MSc theses and relevant sections have been referenced accordingly. The novel analysis approach described in this chapter, however, has not been published in a journal publication.",

year = "2020",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-030-37639-0_3",

language = "English",

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volume = "6",

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T2 - How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation?

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AU - Stringer, Michael

AU - Macleod, Mary Joan

AU - Schwarzbauer, Christian

N1 - Acknowledgements This study was funded by a grant from the NHS Grampian Endowments Trust under the project number 12/35. We would like to thank Professor Alison Murray for assessing the structural scans, Mr. Gordon Buchan for his contribution to the paradigm development and technical support during scanning, Dr. Jennifer Perrin for selecting the pictures used in the low-cognitive demand paradigm, the research radiographers (Mrs Baljit Jagpal, Mrs. Beverly Maclennan, Mrs. Nichola Crouch, and Mrs. Katrina Klaasen), the Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre research staff, the research nurses (Mrs Anu Joyson and Mrs. Heather Gow) and above all the participants for their contribution to this study. The authors also acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Elena Allen for providing the component t-statistic thresholds applied in Allen et al. (2011) for application in this work. Finally the authors would like to note that this research work has been previously discussed in Dr. Varsou’s PhD and Miss Dinis Fernandes’ MSc theses and relevant sections have been referenced accordingly. The novel analysis approach described in this chapter, however, has not been published in a journal publication.

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N2 - Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), performed during resting wakefulness without tasks or stimulation, is a non-invasive technique to assess and visualise functional brain networks in vivo. Acquisition of resting-state imaging data has become increasingly common in longitudinal studies to investigate brain health and disease. However, the scanning protocols vary considerably across different institutions creating challenges for comparability especially for the interpretation of findings in patient cohorts and establishment of diagnostic or prognostic imaging biomarkers. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the effect of two experimental conditions (i.e. a low cognitive demand paradigm and a pure resting-state fcMRI) on the reproducibility of brain networks between a baseline and a follow-up session, 30 (±5) days later, acquired from 12 right-handed volunteers (29 ± 5 yrs). A novel method was developed and used for a direct statistical comparison of the test-retest reliability using 28 well-established functional brain networks. Overall, both scanning conditions produced good levels of test-retest reliability. While the pure resting-state condition showed higher test-retest reliability for 18 of the 28 analysed networks, the low cognitive demand paradigm produced higher test-retest reliability for 8 of the 28 brain networks (i.e. visual, sensorimotor and frontal areas); in 2 of the 28 brain networks no significant changes could be detected. These results are relevant to planning of longitudinal studies, as higher test-retest reliability generally increases statistical power. This work also makes an important contribution to neuroimaging where optimising fcMRI experimental scanning conditions, and hence data visualisation of brain function, remains an on-going topic of interest. In this chapter, we provide a full methodological explanation of the two paradigms and our analysis so that readers can apply them to their own scanning protocols.

AB - Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), performed during resting wakefulness without tasks or stimulation, is a non-invasive technique to assess and visualise functional brain networks in vivo. Acquisition of resting-state imaging data has become increasingly common in longitudinal studies to investigate brain health and disease. However, the scanning protocols vary considerably across different institutions creating challenges for comparability especially for the interpretation of findings in patient cohorts and establishment of diagnostic or prognostic imaging biomarkers. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the effect of two experimental conditions (i.e. a low cognitive demand paradigm and a pure resting-state fcMRI) on the reproducibility of brain networks between a baseline and a follow-up session, 30 (±5) days later, acquired from 12 right-handed volunteers (29 ± 5 yrs). A novel method was developed and used for a direct statistical comparison of the test-retest reliability using 28 well-established functional brain networks. Overall, both scanning conditions produced good levels of test-retest reliability. While the pure resting-state condition showed higher test-retest reliability for 18 of the 28 analysed networks, the low cognitive demand paradigm produced higher test-retest reliability for 8 of the 28 brain networks (i.e. visual, sensorimotor and frontal areas); in 2 of the 28 brain networks no significant changes could be detected. These results are relevant to planning of longitudinal studies, as higher test-retest reliability generally increases statistical power. This work also makes an important contribution to neuroimaging where optimising fcMRI experimental scanning conditions, and hence data visualisation of brain function, remains an on-going topic of interest. In this chapter, we provide a full methodological explanation of the two paradigms and our analysis so that readers can apply them to their own scanning protocols.

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KW - NETWORK

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KW - REPRODUCIBILITY

KW - IMPACT

KW - ARCHITECTURE

KW - EYES OPEN

KW - TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY

KW - FMRI

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ER -

Scanning Conditions in Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging: How to Standardise Resting-State for Optimal Data Acquisition and Visualisation?

Abstract

Publication series

Bibliographical note

Keywords

UN SDGs

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