Seed ecology of the geophyte Conopodium majus (Apiaceae), indicator species of ancient woodland understories and oligotrophic meadows

C. Blandino (Corresponding Author), E. Fernández‐Pascual, M. Marin, A. Vernet, H. W. Pritchard

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11 Citations (Scopus)
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Abstract

Conopodium majus is a geophyte with pseudomonocotyly, distributed in Atlantic Europe. It is an indicator of two declining European habitats: ancient woodland understories and oligotrophic hay meadows. Attempts to reintroduce it by seed have been hindered by scarce seedling emergence and limited knowledge of its seed biology.
Micro‐CT scanning was used to assess pseudomonocotyly. Embryo growth and germination were studied in the laboratory and the field, using dissection and image analysis. The effects of temperature, light, nitrate and GA3 on germination were tested. Seed desiccation tolerance was investigated by storage at different RHs and by drying seeds at different stages of embryo growth.
Seeds possess morphological but not physiological dormancy. Embryo growth and germination were promoted by temperatures between 0 and 5 °C, arrested above 10 °C, and indifferent to alternating temperatures, light, nitrate and GA3. Pseudomonocotyly appears to result from cotyledon fusion. While seeds tolerated drying to 15% RH and storage for 1 year at 20 °C, viability was lost when storage was at 60% RH. Seeds imbibed at 5 °C for 84 days had significant internal embryo growth but were still able to tolerate drying to 15% RH.
Reproduction by seed in C. majus follows a strategy shared by geophytes adapted to deciduous temperate forests. The evolution of fused cotyledons may enable the radicle and the hypocotyl to reach deeper into the soil where a tuber can develop. The embryo is capable of growth within the seed at low temperatures so that germination is timed for early spring.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)487-497
Number of pages11
JournalPlant Biology
Volume21
Issue number3
Early online date8 Aug 2018
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - May 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information
European Union's Seventh Framework Programme. Grant Number: FP7/2007‐2013/
REA. Grant Number: 607785
Government of Asturias
European Commission. Grant Numbers: ACA14‐19, ACB17‐19
Oxford BHF Centre for Research Excellence. Grant Number: RE/08/004

Keywords

  • dessication tolerance
  • embryo morphology
  • morphological dormancy
  • pseudomonocotyly
  • seed germination
  • seed storage
  • Apiaceae/metabolism
  • Seedlings/metabolism
  • Ecology
  • Germination/physiology
  • Seeds/metabolism

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