Abstract
The polarization of naïve CD4+ T cells to T helper (Th)1 or Th2 cells is specified by two master transcription factors, T-bet and GATA3, and is an essential feature of mammalian adaptive immune responses to pathogens and the development of long-lasting immunity. We report here the cloning of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss T-bet and GATA3, to allow the future evaluation of the existence of Th1 and Th2 cells in salmonid fish. The trout T-bet translation shares high amino acid identities to other fish T-bet molecules (71-72%) but low identities to mammalian T-bet genes (41-42%), although the middle T-box DNA binding domain is highly conserved among all the T-bet proteins from fish and mammals. The trout GATA3 has high amino acid sequence identities (73-88%) to all known vertebrate molecules, with two highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The identity of the trout T-bet and GATA3 molecules was confirmed by phylogenetic tree analysis.A comparable expression level of T-bet and GATA3 was seen in the spleen, head kidney and muscle in healthy trout, but a higher expression level of GATA3 was seen in the gills, brain, skin and intestine relative to that of T-bet. T-bet and GATA3 expression was modulated by different stimulants. The T cell stimulant PHA up-regulated the expression of both T-bet and GATA3 in splenocytes, suggesting that they may be mainly expressed by activated T cells. The expression of T-bet and GATA3 in the spleen was increased by acute stress, but their expression was inhibited by bacterial (Yersinia ruckeri) infection. In a parasitic infection model, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae infection induced a biased gene expression profile where a large increase in the expression of T-bet, IFN-¿ and IL-2 was seen, suggesting that a Th1-like response is likely induced by this disease. A better understanding of pathogen modulated expression of T-bet and GATA3, and the potential underlying host immune responses elicited as a consequence of their expression, may allow novel future control measures against disease in fish to be developed.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 705-715 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | Fish & Shellfish Immunology |
Volume | 29 |
Issue number | 5 |
Early online date | 13 Jul 2010 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Nov 2010 |
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Keywords
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cluster Analysis
- DNA Primers
- Fish Diseases
- GATA3 Transcription Factor
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Myxozoa
- Oncorhynchus mykiss
- Parasitic Diseases, Animal
- Phylogeny
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology
- Species Specificity
- T-Box Domain Proteins
- Yersinia Infections
- Yersinia ruckeri